2006—2015年晴隆县法定传染病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinglong County from 2006-2015

目的了解2006—2015年晴隆县法定传染病的发病特征与流行变化趋势,为控制法定传染病疫情提供科学依据。方法采用Epi Data 3.1和SPSS 13.0对晴隆县2006—2015年法定传染病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2006—2015年晴隆县报告法定传染病20种,发病7 422例,死亡43例,年均发病率为231.13/10万,年均死亡率为1.34/10万,病死率为0.58%,发病率波动在154.63~360.80/10万之间。2009年部份疫情报告单位将乙型肝炎病毒健康携带者作为病例报告,2011年除发生4起学校学生流行性腮腺炎暴发致发病率较高外,总体发病率呈逐年下降趋势。依据分类可见乙类传染病发病率呈下降趋势,丙类发病率呈上升趋势。传染病发病以呼吸道和消化道为主,分别占总病例数的51.94%和40.76%。年均发病率前5位的法定传染病为肺结核、病毒性肝炎、细菌性痢疾、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎,共计占总病例数的87%,≤15岁年龄、农民和男性发病为主。结论晴隆县今后应以肺结核、病毒性肝炎、细菌性痢疾、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎等法定传染病防治为重点,同时加强梅毒、淋病、艾滋病等性传播传染病的管理和监测。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinglong County from 2006-2015,provide scientific evidence for the control of notifiable infectious diseases. [Methods]EPidata3.1 and SPSS13.0 were used to perform the descriptive epidemiological analysis on epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinglong County from 2006-2015. [Results]During 2006-2015,totally 7 422 cases of 20 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Qinglong County,with 43 death cases. The average annual incidence rate was 231.13/lakh,the average annual mortality rate was 1.34/lakh,the fatality rate was 0.58%,and the incidence rate fluctuated between 154.63/lakh and 360.80/lakh.Some institutions reported the healthy carriers of hepatitis B virus as the hepatitis B case in 2009. Except the incidence rate was high due to 4 school mumps outbreaks in 2011,and the overall incidence rate decreased year by year. The incidence rate of class B infectious diseases declined and that of class C infectious diseases increased. The respiratory tract infectious diseases and digestive tract infectious diseases accounted for the larger proportion of the total cases, which was 51.94% and 40.76%respectively. The top five notifiable infectious diseases were tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,bacterial dysentery,hand,foot and mouth disease,and mumps,which totally accounted for 87% of the total cases. Most of patients were people under 15 years old,farmers and males.[Conclusion]In Qinglong County,the prevention and control of notifiable infectious diseases should focus on tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,bacterial dysentery,hand,foot and mouth disease,and mumps,and strengthen management and monitoring on syphilis,gonorrhea,AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.