基于激光干涉仪的旋转轴误差快速检定方法

Geometric error detection for rotary feed drive based on laser interferometer

为了提升五轴数控机床各旋转轴精度,解决旋转轴几何误差难以测量的问题,提出了一种基于激光干涉仪的旋转轴几何精度快速测量方法。该方法针对AC双转台和BC摆头转台的结构特性,采用旋转轴与直线轴联动的测量技术,可以避免传统测量方法对旋转轴中心的依赖性,推导了测量中直线轴转角误差与直线度对旋转轴几何误差约束关系,在保证精度的同时减少了测量过程中的设备安装调试时间,实现了五轴机床旋转轴转角误差、重复转角误差以及反向间隙的快速测量和补偿。对实际五轴机床AC双转台几何精度进行检定,提高了旋转轴的几何精度,实验证明该测量方法具有很强的工程应用价值。

In order to improve the accuracy of 5-axis machine tool,a geometric error detection method for rotary feed drive using laser interferometer is presented,which realizes geometry error measurement for rotary axis. This method can be implemented in general rotary feed drive such as AC table tilting type and BC tilting table type. Synchronized motion with linear axis and rotary axis is applied in the measurement. The dependence of traditional methods on rotary center coordinate can be avoided during the measurement. The constraints between the angular error of the linear axis and the geometric error of the rotation axis are deduced. The time cost of setup and measurement can be decreased guaranteeing with the measurement accuracy. Compensation and fast measurement are is realized on measurement of positioning error,resettle error and backlash in rotary axis. An experiment of geometric error measurement is conducted based on XKR-50 A 5-axis machine tool. The accuracy of the rotary feed drive is largely improved after the compensation. The feasibility and engineering application of the method is proved.