近代东北海关与对外贸易研究

A Study of Customs in Northeast China and Foreign Trade in Modern Times

近代的东北,国势日蹙,经济发展受到各种因素的制约和影响,在海关和对外贸易两方面表现突出。海关的设立始于1861年营口开埠,大规模设关集中在20世纪初东北商埠格局形成之后,具有设立时间集中、异化趋向、税则多样性等特点。对外贸易保持增长态势,进而形成了新的经济地理格局,加速了东北社会变迁。

In modern times, the situation in Northeast China decayed day by day. The economic development in the Northeast was restricted by various factors, especially foreign trade and customs establishment. The establishment of the first customs in Northeast China began with the opening of Yingkou Port in 1861 and the large-scale customs establishment boomed in the early twentieth century after most commercial ports in the area had opened. Its establishment had three characteristics of the concentrated time, the alienation tendency, and the diversity of the tariff. The foreign trade kept growing, forming a new economic geographical pattern and accelerating the social changes in Northeast China.