浅析异化劳动与人的价值贬值——读《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

On Alienated Labor and Decrease of Man's Value

作为哲学范畴的"价值",是指客体的存在对于主体所具有的意义,而人的价值就是人对于人本身的意义,是工具价值和目的价值的统一。在马克思看来,人的价值由人的本质决定,即由现实的社会关系决定。只有在全面的社会关系中,人的活动才能达到对主体性的自我确证,进而实现其价值。在私有制和强制性社会分工条件下,异化劳动必然导致人的价值贬值,从而沦为工具。只有通过消灭私有制的共产主义运动才能最终消除异化,实现人的价值的复归。

Value, as a philosophical concept, refers that the objects＇ existence shows significance to subjects, while man＇s value refers to man＇s significance to himself, which means the unity between tool value and target value. According to Marx, man＇s value is determined by man＇s nature, or, in other words, practical social relations. Only in comprehensive social relations, can man achieve self-confirmation through his activities and realize his value. In the condition of private ownership and compulsory social division of labor, alienated labor will necessarily lead to decrease of man＇s value, leading man to become a tool. Only by Communist movement aiming to eliminating private ownership, can we finally eliminate alienation and re-realize man＇s value.