试论国家文化规划中的问题导向、逻辑建构与策略设计——以《国家“十三五”时期文化发展改革规划纲要》为中心

Discussion of Problem Orientation, Logic Construction and Strategy Design in National Cultural Planning——Centered on the Outline of the National Plan for the Cultural Development and Reform in the “13th Five-Year Plan” Period

国家文化发展规划是一个由特定目标体系、行动策略和政策保障系统组成的纲领性文件,是在某个时期指导全国文化发展的参照系和路线图。国家文化规划的研制,同时是一个高技术和高策略的系统工程,其高技术性体现在,规划的逻辑起点必须建立在对重大关键问题的梳理和提炼上,对重大关键问题的科学和系统回应就构成了规划文本的逻辑结构;其高策略性体现在,规划的内涵结构必须保持作为国家专项规划的文化规划与国家经济社会发展总体规划的平衡,规划目标的确立和政策体系设计必须与国家经济社会发展总体规划目标保持最低限度的一致性;规划路线图的设计必须保持文化行业特殊性要求与技术—制度环境变迁普遍性规律之间的均衡,文化行业改革发展的速度必须与技术—制度变迁的速度保持最低限度的一致性;规划内部结构必须兼顾发展目标与保障手段之间的平衡,支撑项目和保障政策系统设计必须与目标时效要求保持最低限度的一致性。要达到这一要求,国家文化发展规划必须建立在多学科交叉的综合性研究成果的基础上,将理论研究和实践经验熔于一炉。

National cultural development plan is a programmatic document composed of specific target system, action strategy and policy support system. It is a reference frame and roadmap that guides national cultural development in a certain period. The development of national cultural planning, at the same time, is a high- tech and high-strategy system engineering. Its high-tech characteristic is embodied in the logical starting point of planning that must be based on the combing and refining of the key issues, the scientific and systematic response of the key issues constitutes the logical structure of the planning text. Its high-strategy characteristic is reflected in the connotation structure of planning. As a special national plan, the cultural planning must maintain the balance accourding to the overall plan for national economic and social development, the establishment of planning objectives and policy system design must maintain minimum consistency with the overall plan for national economic and social development; the planning road map design must maintain the balance between cultural industry’s specific requirements and technological-institutional law. The speed of cultural industry reform and development must maintain minimum consistency with the technological- institutional development ; internal structure planning must give consideration to the balance between development goals and safeguards,support item and protection of the policy system design must maintain minimum consistency with target timing requirements. However, to achieve this requirement, the national cultural development plan must be based on comprehensive study of multidisciplinary research, integrating the theoretical research and practical experience.