北京市昌平区2014-2016学年中小学校教学环境卫生学监测结果分析

Surveillance results of teaching environment hygiene of primary and secondary schools in Changping District,Beijing in the academic years 2014-2016

目的了解北京市昌平区2014-2016学年中小学校教学环境卫生学现状及存在的问题,为政府部门制定政策、改善学校教学环境提供参考。方法 2014-2016学年对昌平区75所中小学校教学环境进行检测,检测项目包括教室人均面积、黑板、课桌椅符合率、采光、照明、室内微小气候和噪声,分析不同项目的合格情况。结果共调查150间教室(其中小学教室89间,中学教室61间),教室采光合格率最低(4.67%),其次是教室照明(27.33%),中小学合格率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。黑板、微小气候、课桌椅分配符合率和人均面积合格率分别为37.33%、53.33%、56.00%和92.00%,其中黑板尺寸合格率小学显著高于中学(P<0.05),其他指标合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);噪声合格率最高为100.00%。结论昌平区2014-2016学年中小学校教室采光、照明、黑板、微小气候、课桌椅分配符合率和教室人均面积均存在不同程度的问题,教学环境有待改善,应引起相关部门的高度重视。

Objective To investigate the current status of teaching environment hygiene and the existing problems in primary and secondary schools in Changping District, Beijing in the academic years 2014-2016 so as to provide references for governmental authorities to formulate policies and improve teaching environment of the schools. Methods We detected the teaching environ- ment of 75 primary and middle schools in Changping District in the academic years 2014-2016, and the detection items included classroom area per capita, blackboards, coincidence rate of desk-chair setting, lighting, illumination, indoor micro-climate and noise. The qualified rates of the above-mentioned items were analyzed. Results A total of 150 classrooms （ including 89 class- rooms from primary schools and 61 ones from middle schools） were surveyed. The qualified rates of classroom lighting and illumina- tion were 4.67% and 27.33% respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found in the qualified rates between the primary and middle schools （both P〉0.05）. The qualified rates of blackboards, micro-climate, coincidence of desk-chair setting and classroom area per capita were 37.33%, 53.33%, 56.00% and 92.00% respectively, of which the qualified rate of black- board size was significantly higher in primary schools than in middle schools （P〈0.05） , but no statistically significant differences were observed in the qualified rates of other items between the primary and middle schools （all P〉0.05）. The qualified rate of noise was the highest （ 100. 00%）. Conclusions There exist different degrees of problems concerning lighting, illumination, blackboards, indoor micro-climate, coincidence rate of desk-chair setting and classroom area per capita in the primary and sec- ondary schools in Changping District in the academic years 2014-2016. The teaching environment leaves much to be desired; and hence, the relevant authorities should pay special attention to it.