食品中重金属去除技术研究进展

Advance of the Removal Technology of Heavy Metals in Foods

重金属中毒对人体的危害是多器官、多系统、多指征、终生的以及不可逆的,重金属不能被生物降解,相反却能在食物链的生物放大作用下,成千百倍地富集,最后进入人体。由重金属污染造成的食品安全问题相较于其他污染因素,危害更加深远。能源、运输、冶金和建筑材料生产等过程造成的废水、废气、废渣的排放以及农业上施用农业和化肥等都是造成食品污染的渠道,从源头控制重金属污染虽然是解决问题的根本,但是却较难短期内实现。因此,有效去除食品中的重金属污染成为解决问题的关键对策和国内外的研究热点。本文在分析和总结现有相关研究文献的基础上,梳理了研究方法和技术,对原材料在生长过程的重金属控制措施以及食品食用之前重金属的去除都分别做了详细的论述,对已经建立的方法及其应用和效率进行了总结分析,对今后的发展趋势和前景进行了展望。

Heavy metal poisoning is harm to multiple organs and multiple systems of human bodies, which is lifelong and irreversible. The food safety problems caused by heavy metal pollution are much more serious than the other pollution factors. Heavy metals cannot be biodegraded, insteadthey can be enriched tens of thousands of times through biological amplification of the food chain, and enter the body finally. The three wastes from the industries of energy, transportation, metallurgy and material, as well as the pesticides and fertilizer in the agriculture activity, are all the causes of food contamination. Controlling the heavy metals contamination from the source can solve the problem completely, but it is difficult to finish in a short time. Therefore, removal of heavy metals in foods effectively becomes a fatal question and a research focus at home and abroad. Based on the analysis and summary of existing research literature, this paper combed the research methods and technology. The removal technology of heavy metals in the food raw materials during growth process and before food consumption was discussed, respectively. In addition, the application and efficiency of the established methods were summarized and analyzed, and the future development trend and prospect were also discussed.