易地扶贫搬迁的城镇集中模式：政策逻辑与实践限度--基于黔中G县的调查

On the Policy-Making and Practical Ceiling of the Urban Centralization Pattern of Poverty-Alleviating Relocation:A Survey of G County in the Central Part of Guizhou Province

易地扶贫搬迁作为国家精准扶贫战略的重要内容,对解决"一方水土不能养活一方人"地区的贫困问题发挥着关键性作用。通过对黔中G县易地扶贫搬迁过程的考察,分析原本多点布局、分散安置的扶贫搬迁如何演化成单一的城镇集中模式,受限于资金与土地的双重约束,以及城乡二元思维的支配,地方政府将城镇化视为拉动经济增长、实现贫困人口致富的主要手段,易地扶贫搬迁的城镇集中模式表现出鲜明的政策逻辑。仅强调经济层面集约效应的城镇搬迁,没有充分考虑本地发展条件和贫困人口实际,在实践中面临着极大的局限性,因而需要从超越经济逻辑、预留生计转型空间以及加快转移就业三个方面进一步完善和优化后续的易地扶贫搬迁工作。

As an important part of national targeted poverty alleviation strategy, poverty-alleviating relocation plays a decisive role in solving regional poverty where the local environment cannot feed local people. Through a survey of the implementation of poverty-alleviating relocation in G County in the central part of Guizhou province, we draw an analytical study on how previous relocation policy featured by multi-dotted layout and disperse allocation evolved into a solely centralized urban pattern. Constrained by double limitations from funds and land as well as the dominance of Urban-rural dual ideology, the local government regards urbanization as a chief measure to gear economic growth and to improve the life standard of poverty-stricken population. Accordingly, urban centralized pattern exhibits marked policy-making logic. Currently chief emphasis has only been put on urban relocation for economic effect and no appropriate attention has been given to local development prerequisite and the reality of poverty-stricken population. Constrained by enormous limitations in practice, we should further improve and optimize sequential work of poverty-alleviating relocation from three aspects: transcending economy logic, conserving space for livelihood transformation and accelerating rural labor force transfer.