突发自然灾害应急饮用水反渗透处理工艺研究

Study on reverse osmosis for drinking water purification in sudden natural disaster emergency

以反渗透作为主体工艺进行突发自然灾害应急水处理工艺研究,在试验浓度范围内,反渗透工艺对浊度、CODMn、氨氮和盐类物质的平均去除率分别达99%,90%,87%和96%.对镉、铅、镍、铜4种常见重金属离子的去除效果显著,平均去除率分别达96%,97%,96.5%,96%.对乙苯、二甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、2,4,6-三氯酚、三氯乙酸、三氯乙醛以及乐果、灭草松、草甘膦、敌敌畏、百菌清、毒死蜱6种典型农药的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达98.51%,98.46%,97.84%,99.03%,99.11%,99.56%,99.24%,99.29%,99.16%,99.98%,99.95%,99.76%,99.61%,99.67%;对三氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、苯酚、苯乙烯的去除效果一般,平均去除率分别为73.43%,86.03%,72.64%,63.31%;对苯、二氯甲烷、甲醛的去除效果较差,平均去除率分别为44.36%,17.57%,8.37%.在试验研究的基础上,提出应急水源地水质建议性标准,为突发性水污染反渗透处理工艺的实际应用提供了参考依据.

Reverse osmosis as the main process was studied for water purification in an emergency.The technology of reverse osmosis was proven to have a significant effect in the removal of turbidity,COD_(Mn),NH_3-N and conductivity whose average removal rates were over 99%,90%,87%and 96%,respectively.The process was proven to be extremely effective in the removal of Cd^(2+),Pb^(2+),Ni ^(2+)and Cu^(2+)whose removal rates were all over 96%.The process had an even better performance when it came to the removal of ethyl benzene,xylene,chlorobenzene,o-dichlorobenzene,paracide,trichlorophenol,tricholoroacetic acid,chloral,dimethoate,bentazone,glyphosate,dichlorvos,chlorothalonil,and chlorpyrifos,and the corresponding average removal rates were 98.51%,98.46%,97.84%,99.03%,99.11%,99.56%,99.24%,99.29%,99.16%,99.98%,99.95%,99.76%,99.61%,99.67%,respectively.However,the removal of chloroform,bromoform,phenol and styrene were relatively less effective,and the average removal efficiency were 73.43%,86.03%,72.64%,63.31%,respectively.The removal efficiency of benzene,methylene chloride and formaldehyde with the reverse osmosis were even lower,which were 44.36%,17.57%,8.37%,respectively.Based on the experimental data,a suggested water quality standard for raw water was proposed as a reference for the application of reverse osmosis in emergency water treatment.