基于DEA和Malmquist指数的旅游扶贫效率评价研究——以新疆和田地区为例

An Evaluation of Tourism Poverty Alleviation Efficiency Based on DEA and Malmquist Index——A Case Study of Hetian Region in Xinjiang

旅游扶贫对带动贫困地区经济发展和贫困人口脱贫有着重要影响。本文从旅游扶贫视角出发,运用DEA模型和Malmquist指数法对2010年—2015年和田地区旅游扶贫效率及其动态变化进行测算,并对效率特征进行分析。研究表明:2010年—2015年和田地区整体旅游扶贫效率处于中等水平,效率变化呈上升趋势;和田地区各县(市)旅游扶贫效率按其演化特征,可划分为稳定式、渐进式和复杂式三种模式;和田地区各县(市)旅游扶贫效率差异显著,且差距有可能进一步拉大。今后,和田地区应通过转变发展思路、调整产业格局,整合旅游资源、优化管理体制,打造旅游精品、实施精准帮扶,加强人才培养、创新营销手段等途径实现旅游扶贫事业持续、高效、健康发展。

Based on the tourism poverty alleviation,this paper uses DEA model and Malmquist index method to estimate the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hetian area from the year 2010 to 2015 and the dynamic change of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in each year.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.The overall tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in Hetian from the year 2010 to 2015 is at a moderate level,and the efficiency changes are on the rise.According to its evolutionary characteristics,the tourism poverty allevationefficiency can be divided into three models,that isstable evolution,progressive evolution and complex evolution.There are significant differences in the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hetian areas,and the difference in the efficiency of poverty alleviation between different counties（cities）in the future may be further widened.Finally,according to the analysis,the paper puts forward such suggestions and measures on Hetian tourism poverty alleviation as changing the development of ideas,adjusting the industrial pattern,integrating tourism resources,optimizing the management system,building tourism boutique,implementing precision help,strengthening personnel training,and innovating marketing tools to achieve sustainable,efficient and healthy development of tourism poverty alleviation.