粮食主产区粮食生产技术效率时空特征分析

An Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Grain Production Technical Efficiency of Major Grain Producing Areas

文章基于松花江流域、黄河流域和长江流域视角,采用2004-2013年的中国粮食主产区13个省份的面板数据,通过建立超越对数生产函数,运用SFA模型,测算了13个粮食主产区的粮食生产技术效率及其时空变化特征。研究结果表明:种粮劳动力、种粮机械动力、种粮农药使用量和时间变量与粮食产出显著相关;三大流域粮食生产技术效率均表现出上升态势,但上升幅度逐年递减,且长江流域的技术效率上升幅度显著大于松花江流域和黄河流域;我国粮食主产区粮食生产技术效率排名相对稳定,技术效率排名前三的省份分别为长江流域的湖南和江苏以及松花江流域的吉林,分别位列第一、第三和第二,排名最后三位的省份分别是湖北、安徽和江西,均属于长江流域;在省际层面,粮食生产技术效率较高和较低省份的技术效率差异变化较大,处于中间水平的省份变化较小;在流域层面,粮食生产技术效率的差异由高到低依次是长江流域、松花江流域和黄河流域,不同流域的技术效率差异呈现递减趋势,在总差异中,流域内差异占主导地位。

Establishing the transcendental logarithmic production function and employing the SFA model on the basis of the panel data of13 provincial-level administrative regions in major grain producing areas in China from 2004 to 2013, this paper, from the perspective ofthe basins of Songhua River, Yellow River and Yangtze River, measures the grain production technical efficiency and its temporal and spa-tial variation characteristics. The results show that: Grain growing labor force, grain growing mechanical power, grain use amount and timevariable are significantly correlated with grain output; The grain production technical efficiency in the three basins presents an upwardtrend, but the rising rate decreases year by year, and the technical efficiency of the Yangtze River Basin is significantly higher than that ofthe Songhua River Basin and the Yellow River Basin; The ranking of grain production technical efficiency in major grain producing areasis relatively stable. The top three provinces are Hunan and Jiangsu in the Yangtze River Basin and Jilin in the Songhua River Basin, whichrank first, third and second respectively. The last three provinces are Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi, which belong to the Yangtze River Basin;At the provincial level, the differences vary greatly in provinces with high or low grain production technical efficiency than in provinceswith middle level. In the basin level, the differences of grain production technical efficiency from high to low are the Yangtze River Basin,the Songhua Basin and the Yellow River River Basin respectively. The differences of grain production technical efficiency in different ba-sins present a decreasing trend. The differences within the basin are dominant in the total differences.