阐释运作四步骤与译者主体性分析——以许渊冲和杨宪益、戴乃迭《离骚》英译本为例

Fourfold Hermeneutic Motion and Analysis of Translator's Subjectivity——Viewed from Xu Yuanchong and Yang Xianyi's Versions of Li Sao

比较研究可见,许渊冲版和杨宪益、戴乃迭版的《离骚》英译本在翻译手法上迥异,又在译文效果上殊途同归;双方对译者主体性的适度发挥使中华艺术瑰宝在西方文化语境下焕发出新的生命力。从阐释运作理论来看,两译本在"信任""侵入""吸收"及"补偿"四步骤中均以充分发挥译者主体性为共识,但在具体翻译策略上呈现出鲜明差异。双方在建立译者-文本合作关系后都采纳信息补出策略:一是添加自身对原诗含义、历史背景与原作者悲苦心境的诠释;二是通过增加定语和修饰成分来实现物象含义空缺的文化补偿。但许译严守原诗结构,擅长直译和归化译法。杨、戴夫妇更青睐异化方式,打破了原诗格律。

A comparative study of two English versions of Li Sao translated separately by Xu Yuanchong and Yang Xianyi, Dai Naidie shows that, by adopting different translation skills, they both achieved satisfactory effect in conveying the meaning and style of the original text. Both sides exercised their subjectivity properly, through which Chinese cultural treasure was able to be reborn under the western cultural contexts. In the view of hermeneu- tic motion of trust, aggression, incorporation and restitution, the three translators saw proper subjectivity as their principles. Nevertheless, they were different from each other in specific translation strategies. After establishing the translator-text cooperation, all of them chose to make some supplement towards their translations ： adding their own comprehension to the original＇ s implication, historical background and so on, or adding attributes and modifiers to fill the cultural vacancy. In this process, Xu strictly adhered to the structure of the original by utilizing the rhyme of abab and preferred literal translation plus domestication. In contrast, Yang and Dai preferred foreignization and they broke the original rhyme and adopting that of aabb, aaab, aaaa instead.