慢性阻塞性肺疾病中CD_8^+T细胞数量增多的机制研究进展

Research Progress of Mechanism of CD_8^+ T Cells' Proliferation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是慢性气道炎症性疾病,死因全球排名第三,严重危害人类健康,然而其慢性气道炎症的发病机制至今尚未十分明确。CD_8^+T淋巴细胞是慢性炎症中重要的淋巴细胞亚群,在COPD的发生、发展中起重要作用。CD_8^+T细胞在COPD急性期大量扩增参加免疫应答,即便在缓解期仍在肺部长期募集,且其数量与肺功能下降呈正相关,这可能是COPD慢性气道炎症的重要因素。影响COPD患者CD_8^+T细胞数量增多的机制主要有吸烟、病毒感染、自身凋亡减少、自身免疫、免疫因子表达增多等,近年来发现吸烟、细胞自噬、CD_8^+T细胞的分化间存在一定联系。研究CD_8^+T细胞在COPD患体内数量增高的机制,有助于了解COPD的发生、发展机制。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a chronic airway inflammatory disease, which has been NO. 3 cause of death worldwide nowadays, and seriously harmful to human health. However, the pathogenesis of its chronic airway inflammation is not yet clear. Research shows that the CDs T cell is the most important lymphocyte subset in COPD＇s chronic inflammation, which plays a major role in the occurrence and development of the chronic inflammation. Under the antigenic stimulation, the CD8＋ T cells are greatly amplified for the immune response, and its number is still on a high level even in the remission period, which is correlated with the decreased lung function, which might be an important factor of chronic airway inflammation of COPD. The major factors causing CD8＋ T cell increase are include smoking, virus infection, self-apoptosis decrease, autoimmunity, and immune factor expression increase. In recent years, new studies have found that there might be a link between smoking, autophagy and CD8＋ T cell differentiation. To study the mechanism of CD8＋ T cell increase in COPD patients, contributes to the understanding of COPD＇s pathogenesis.