高速铁路轮轨型面匹配对车辆动力学性能的影响

Influence of Wheel-Rail Profile Matching for High Speed Railway on Vehicle Dynamics Performance

针对我国高速铁路LMA,S1002CN,XP55这3种典型型面车轮与60,60N和60D这3种廓形钢轨匹配的情况,建立车辆—轨道耦合动力学模型,结合等效锥度、Polach指数、轮轨接触带宽变化率和接触点移动速率,分析新轮与新轨匹配和磨耗车轮的型面与钢轨原始廓形在服役条件下匹配的轮轨三维接触非线性关系,研究轮轨接触非线性关系对车辆动力学性能的影响。结果表明:S1002CN型面车轮时轮轨接触点跳跃最明显,LMA型面车轮时轮轨接触点分布最均匀,XP55型面车轮时轮轨接触带宽最窄,而且新轮与60N和60D钢轨匹配时轮轨接触点较60钢轨更集中在轨头中心处;S1002CN型面磨耗车轮与60钢轨匹配时脱轨系数、轮重减载率的相对增长率均大于与60N和60D钢轨匹配时;在1个镟修周期内,S1002CN型面车轮与3种廓形钢轨匹配时,随着运营里程的增加,滚动圆附近轮轨接触带宽和接触点移动速率均增大,且与60N和60D钢轨匹配时Polach指数由正值变为负值,影响车辆的蛇行失稳临界速度、失稳后的蛇行振动幅值以及车辆蛇行失稳极限环分岔特征。

The situation that 3 kinds of typical wheel profiles LMA,S1002 CN and XP55 matching with 3 kinds of rail profiles 60,60 Nand 60 Dfor high speed railway in China was studied by the vehicle-track coupling dynamics model.The equivalent conicity function,the Polach nonlinearity parameter,the contact bandwidth change rate and contact point movement were used to investigate the three-dimensional nonlinear relationship of wheel-rail contact geometry and the influence of wheel-rail contact nonlinear relationship on vehicle dynamics performance under the conditions that new wheel matching with new rail and worn wheel profile matching with original rail profile.Results showed that：the wheel-rail contact points jumped more obviously when the wheel profile of S1002 CN was used,the wheel-rail contact points were well distributed for the case that the wheel profile of LMA was used,and the wheel-rail contact bandwidth was the narrowest for XP55 wheel profile.When 3 kinds of new wheel profiles matching with the60 Nand 60 Drails,the wheel-rail contact points were more concentrated on the center of rail head than matching with 60 rail.When the worn profile of S1002 CN matching with 60 rail,both the relative growth rate of derailment coefficient and wheel unloading ratio comparing with new wheel case were greater than the case when the worn profile of S1002 CN matching with 60 Nor 60 Drail.In one reprofiling cycle,when the wheel profile of S1002 CN matching with 3 kinds of rail profiles,with the growth of running distance,both the contact bandwidth and contact point movement in the area near the rolling circle increase.When matching with 60 Nand 60 Drails,the Polach nonlinearity parameter changes from positive to negative,so the hunting critical speed,the amplitude of hunting vibration and hunting instability limit cycle bifurcation characteristics all change.