汉译佛经的源语言、语言性质与汉语分期

Source Language,Language Nature of Chinese Translated Buddhist Scriptures and Chinese Language Staging

佛用梵文传过法。佛在世时已经有佛经存在。混合梵文不是一种独立的语言。天竺高僧所汉译之佛经必是翻译自梵文佛经,而西域高僧也是以天竺梵文佛经为最根本最可靠之依据。竺法兰所译之《四十二章经》为汉地现存诸经之始是可以接受的。佛是一个由音译发展而来的意译词汇。佛、塔、禅等等最常用的佛教词语都是由双(多)音节词向单音节词发展,总的趋势是向单音节词回归。属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)是中古文言书面语而非白话书面语,属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)也不是所谓的佛教混合汉语,所谓的佛教混合汉语只是暂时的过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验,根本就不是一种语言。

The paper is on some questions about the language nature of Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures.Shakya Muni,Buddha Shakyamuni,preached in sanskrit.There were Buddhist scriptures in Shakya Muni's life.The Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures translated by the Ancient India Buddhist monks must be translated from the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures,and the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures of the Ancient India were also treated as the most fundamental and the most reliable basis of Buddhism by the Buddhist monks of the Western Regions as well as the Ancient India.It is acceptable that Sutra in Forty-Two Sections translated by Dharmaratna is the beginning of the Chinese Buddhist scriptures.Fo(佛)is a free translation word developed from transliteration words.The most common Buddhist words such as Fo(佛),Ta(塔),Chan(禅)and so on all were developed from disyllabic Polysyllabic words to monosyllabic words,and the general tendency is to return to the monosyllabic words.The Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures'canonical language(excluding transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments)which belongs to middle ancient Chinese language is Classical Chinese written language rather than Vernacular Chinese written language.The Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures'canonical language(excluding transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments)which belongs to Medieval Chinese language is not the so-called Buddhist mixed Chinese language which is transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments and which is not at all a language.