我国美术基础教育质量监测工具研制的探索与思考

Exploration and Reflection on the Development of Quality Monitoring Tool for Visual Arts in Basic Education in China

现阶段我国美术教育存在重视不足、开课不够、学生鉴赏和创作能力有待提高等问题。通过监测客观了解学生学习和学校教育状况,成为国内外教育发展的趋势。根据《国家义务教育质量监测方案》的规定,2016年,我国开展了首次面向全国四年级、八年级学生的艺术教育质量监测,涵盖音乐和美术两个学科。举全国专家之力,基于课程标准和多版本教材,研发了美术教育质量监测的指标体系和工具,从基础能力、鉴赏能力、生活运用能力以及综合创作能力等方面对学生的美术学业质量进行了监测,并对学校美术教育的开展状况进行了评估,多层面、多角度呈现美术教育的状况,为美术教育的质量提升提供了依据。文章简要阐述了国际上开展美术教育质量监测的经验,进而详细介绍了我国2016年美术基础教育质量监测工具研发的原则和做法,对当前美术基础教育质量监测的研究具有一定的指导意义。

Currently, visual art education continues to face the challenges of receiving insufficient attention and lack of access at schools in China. The underdevelopment of creativity and appreciation for visual art remains concerning issues that deserve strong at- tention. Monitoring the current state of students＇ learning and school education becomes a global trend in the field of education. Follow- ing the guideline of ＂National Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Program＂, China conducted its first national arts education quality assessment toward 4th grade and 8th grade students in music and visual art in 2016. With the active participation of national ex- perts, we developed the index system and tools based on the curriculum standards and different versions of textbooks to monitor the quality of art education, and monitored students＇ academic qualities including basic skills, appreciation ability, the skills to apply to life, comprehensive creative ability, and other aspects of visual art, evaluated the situation of school art education. The findings of multi level and multi angle in visual art education provide the basis for improving quality of visual art education. This paper briefly de- scribes the international development of visual art education quality monitoring, and then introduces the monitoring tool development principles and practices in China in 2016. It is our hope that this study may guide further development of visual art quality monitoring in basic education.