全球城市公共服务设施的公平供给和规划配置方法研究——以纽约、伦敦、东京为例

Research on Equal Supply and Planning of Global Cities' Public Service Facilities: Case Studies on New York, London and Tokyo

基于对纽约、伦敦、东京的最新规划和相关政策解读,本文总结了全球城市在公共服务设施的规划导向、分类分级和供给机制等方面的特征。本文认为,要提升公共服务设施供给的社会公平性,应当注重设施配置与不同社会群体需求在空间、时间这两个维度的匹配,并且通过设施的有效运营来提升可达性的公平度,最终迈向公平供给公共服务的目标。具体应从顶层设计引入公平供给的导向,在技术准则的分类分级中关注弱势群体,在规划和供给层面打开由下至上的事权和财权通道,在评估和更新层面注重动态调整,在运营和维护方面探索与非政府力量的合作机制。

From latest master plans and related policies of the first-tier global cities including New York, London and Tokyo, this paper reviews the planning guidance, classification system and supply mechanism of public service facility supply of those cities. The paper proposes two directions of promoting social equity in public service facilities supply. On one side, the consistency between supply and demand on both spatial and temporal dimensions should be enhanced; on the other side, the efficiency of facility＇s operation should be increased. Some specific measures are as follows： firstly, equity should be emphysized in a ctiy＇s top-level design such as a master plan or a strategy plan; secondly, higher importance should be attached to deprived groups in the classification system of public service facilities; thirdly, the fiscal rights related to public service facilities of bottom governmental body should be enhanced; fourthly, dynamic evaluation and adjustment mechanism of public service facilities should be built; finally, partnership with non- government bodies in operation and maintenance of facilities should be established.