我国大气环境健康基准目标污染物筛选方法及候选清单研究

A screening method for the target pollutants of atmospheric health benchmark in China

本文通过污染物检出率得分、毒性效应得分、人群暴露得分等,构建了一种大气健康基准目标污染物筛选方法.进而采用该方法,筛选并提出我国大气健康基准目标污染物候选清单.结果显示,共有38种污染物进入初始污染物候选名单,包括了常规污染物、重金属污染物以及大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)、多环芳烃、二英等.这些污染物检出率得分分布在0—600之间,其中最高的污染物主要是国家常规监测的污染物.污染物毒性效应得分最高的污染物是苯、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、二英,大部分污染物的毒性效应得分集中在300—500之间;污染物的人群暴露得分最高为CO,其次为甲苯、O_3、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2,得分在10—100之间;38种污染物中有15种污染物健康风险综合得分在900以上,包含6种常规污染物、2个大类污染物、2种重金属污染物、5种挥发性有机物VOCs.因而提出这15污染物作为我国大气环境健康基准目标污染物候选清单.

A screening method for the target pollutants of atmospheric health benchmark was established by scoring the detection rate,toxicity effect,and population exposure of the pollutants.Using the method,a list of candidate target pollutants for atmospheric health criteria in China was obtained. The results showed that there were 38 pollutants in the initial candidate list,including conventional pollutants,heavy metal pollutants,volatile organic compounds（ VOCs）,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,dioxins and so on. The detection rate scores were between 0-600 points,and the pollutants with the highest scores were mainly the routinely monitored pollutants in China. The toxicity effect scores were mostly between 300-500,with benzene,PM2.5,PM10 and dioxins showing the highest scores. The population exposure scores were between 10 and 100,with the highest score for CO,followed by toluene,O3,PM2.5,PM10,NO2. Among the 38 pollutants,15 pollutants scored above 900 points in the health risk,including 6 conventional pollutants,2 major categories of pollutants,2 heavy metal pollutants,and 5 VOCs. Therefore,the 15 pollutants were proposed to be in the candidate list of China＇s atmospheric health benchmark target pollutants.