森林生态系统水源涵养能力计量方法研究进展与展望

The progress of research and forecast on the quantification of the forest water conservation capacity

森林水源涵养能力是森林生态系统功能评估的重要指标。采用文献对比分析法把森林生态系统水源涵养能力计量方法的相关研究划分为3个阶段:森林水文过程研究阶段-数量化计算阶段-多模型集成阶段,总结归纳出7种主流的计量方法:综合蓄水能力法、林冠截留剩余量法、水量平衡法、降水储存量法、多因子回归法、森林水文模型法和多模型集成法,进而从基本思想、特征、数据获取、评价效果、适用范围、优势及不足等方面对计量方法进行系统化对比分析,指出现有研究在水源涵养功能界定、蒸散数据测量和机理研究等方面亟待解决的问题,并从统一认识、多技术融合和多模型协同与耦合等角度展望了森林水源涵养能力计量研究的发展趋势。

The forest water conservation capacity is an important index of forest ecosystem function evaluation.The method of measuring water conservation capacity of forest ecosystem were divided into three stages using literature retrieval and contrast analysis method： the stage of research on hydrological process of the forests,the stage of quantified calculation,and the stage of multi-model integration.And then the seven kinds of primary measurement methods,including integrated storage capacity method,canopy rainfall interception residual method,water balance method,rainfall storage method,multiple factor regression method,forest hydrological model method,multi-model integration method,have been compared and analyzed systematically from the basic idea,characteristics,data acquisition,evaluated effect,scope of application,advantages and disadvantages of the methods.In addition,we pointed out the problems to be solved urgently in the aspects of the definition of water conservation function,the measurement of data in evapotranspiration,and the study of principle about the forest water conservation.We also prospected the developmental trend of the research on the measurement of forest water conservation capacity from the aspects of unifying understanding,multi-technology fusion and multi-model coordination and coupling.