重叠共识理论下基因治疗的伦理问题探究

Ethical Issues of Gene Therapy under the Overlapping Consensus Theory

基因治疗是目前世界上最前沿的医学治疗,其对人类自然性的深度干预是灾祸还是福音尚无法预测,人类无法阻止科学与技术的进步,却对由此带来的未知充满困惑和畏惧,如何保持人类整体和种族的公正公平,不伤害到未来世代的权利和福祉,是非常严峻的伦理道德议题。本文首次以罗尔斯的"重叠共识",来对基因治疗进行审慎和伦理分析,面对人类对基因治疗带来的未知风险与畏惧,必须恪守尊重、不伤害、有利与公正等生命伦理学基本原则,使人类基因治疗技术始终用于维护人类健康,增加患者福祉,而不是危及人类代际的生命安全和生存秩序。

Gene therapy is currently the most cutting-edge medical technique.Whether the deep intervention of gene therapy on human nature is a blessing or a curse is not yet possible to predict.Human cannot stop the developmentof science and technology,but are filled with confusion and fear about the uncertainty it holds.It is a severe ethical and moral issue how to keep the fairness and justice of humanity as a whole and race,meanwhile without harming rights and welfare of future generations.In this paper,we firstly conduct the discretion and ethical analysis of gene therapy through Rawls’Overlapping Consensus Theory.In front of the unknown risk and fear brought by gene therapy,it is our responsibility to abide by the fundamental bioethical principles of respect,non-maleficence,beneficence and justice.We should make the genomeediting techniquealways be used to maintain human health,increase the welfare of patients,rather than endanger the life safety and existent order of human generation.