双边投资协定中的人权保护问题——以2012年美国BIT范本为视角

Human Rights Protection in Bilateral Investment Agreements——Based on the 2012 US BIT Model

美国2012年BIT范本在2004年范本的基础上对劳工保护的内容进行调整,对人权保护的相关问题采取积极态度,但也存在一些问题。其根源在于国际投资中投资者与东道国利益的不平衡,而人权问题常被当作缔约双方寻求利益最大化的杠杆。只有通过在BIT中明确规定法律适用问题,明确投资者对东道国的人权保护义务,以及选择适当的争端解决机制,才能使投资者利益与人权保护达到一个平衡点,从而有效地对东道国居民的各项人权进行保护。

The 2012 BIT model in the United States adjusted the content of labor protection on the basis of the 2004 model and took a positive attitude towards the related issues of human rights protection, but there are still some problems. The root causes lie in the imbalance between the interests of investors and host countries in international investment, and the issue of human rights is often used as a lever for seeking maximum benefts for both parties. Only by the applicable law explicitly stipulated in the BIT, to clarify investor protection obligations to the host country＇s human rights, and select the appropriate dispute settlement mechanism, in order to achieve a balance between investor interest and human rights protection, so as to effectively protect the human rights of the residents of the host country.