雨滴谱降水现象仪对比观测试验技术应用分析

Observational Contrast Experiment and Application of Raindrop Spectrum Precipitation Phenomenon Instrument

降水天气现象自动化观测是实现地面自动化观测的重要内容之一,为了克服人工观测的主观性,提高降水现象观测资料的完整性和实时性,中国气象局气象探测中心遴选了6家厂家18台雨滴谱降水现象仪分别在北京站和长沙站进行为期3个月的降水天气现象仪对比试验。主要从试验的选址、原理、标准、方法及参试设备的试验数据进行分析,结果表明:参试设备对雨强大于0.1mm/h的平均捕获率不低于97%,对雨强小于0.1mm/h的平均捕获率不低于84%;各参试设备吻合率随着降水强度的逐渐增大,经历了一个先升后降的过程;参试设备对冰雹现象观测结果较为理想,所有参试设备对冰雹现象平均错报率均低于0.5%,而对毛毛雨和未知现象的观测仍需改进;参试设备的漏报率与雨强大小呈负相关,雨强越小,漏报率越高。

The automatic observation of precipitation weather phenomena is an important part of the ground observation automation.In order to eliminate the subjectivity of manual observation and improve the integrity and timeliness of precipitation data,the China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Observation Center selected 18 laser raindrop spectrometers from 6 manufacturers,which participated in the 3-month contrast experiment on precipitation weather phenomena meters in Beijing and Changsha.This paper is focusing on the experiment equipment,test data analysis and summary,mainly from the experiment location,principles,standards,methods and other aspects.The average capture rate of the tested equipment is not less than 97% for precipitation intensity of greater than 0.1 mm/h,and not less than 84% for precipitation intensity of less than 0.1 mm/h.The consistent rate of the tested equipment went through a process of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of precipitation.The test results of the tested equipment are relatively ideal for hail phenomenon,and the average false alarm rate of all the tested equipment is less than 0.5% for hail phenomenon,while the observations of drizzle and unknown phenomena still need improvement.The misstatement rate is negatively correlated with the precipitation intensity.The smaller the precipitation intensity is,the higher the misstatements rate.The results provide hopefully a reference for the relevant technicians.