走出“制度陷阱”:高职教师专业发展制度的供给困境反思

Out of the Institutional Trap:Reflection of Teachers′ Professional Development System's Supply Predicament in Higher Vocational Colleges

"制度陷阱"是指前设制度出现了漏洞或不足,人们用后设制度进行弥补,但由于后设制度同样存在着设计、执行等方面的问题,进而造成制度越来越繁密与复杂化,使整个制度体系陷入低效的陷阱。我国高职教师专业发展制度落入"制度陷阱"的主要表征是:教师资格证书制度的供给错配、教师企业实践制度供给乏力、教师职称评审制度供给偏斜等。要破解"制度陷阱",须在制度设计时持有"双师导向"的理念,采取利益相关者多元治理的方式,并从三个方面提升制度供给的质量:教师资格证书制度要凸显"双师素质"标准;教师企业实践制度的制定要实现"企业外部性的内部化";教师职称评审制度要突破"套用"惯性,制定符合自身特点的独立的职称评审标准等。

Institutional trap means that the whole institutional system gets into an inefficient trap,which is derived from the reason that the subsequent systems cannot make up for the deficiency caused by previous ones because the problems exist in the institutions′design and enforcement.The main representations of teachers′professional development system in the institutional trap of higher vocational education of China include three aspects：the mismatch in the supply of the teacher certification institution,the supply lacking in the strength of vocational school teachers′enterprise practice institution,the supply deflection of teachers′professional title evaluation institution.In order to solve the institutional trap,we should set up dual-qualification oriented ideas in institutional design and adopt the methods of multivariate management from the following three ways to improve the quality of institutional supply.First,dual-qualification criteria should be emphasized in the teacher certification institution construction.Second,internalization of externalities should be solved in vocational school teachers′enterprise practice institution.Third,mechanical application of the institutional inertia must be broken and the new specialized teachers′professional title evaluation institution must be designed according to its features.