现代化视野下的我国农民教育问题

Farmer Education in China from the Perspective of Modernization

农民教育问题是党和国家十分重视的问题。为了加快推进农业农村现代化,国家将重点实施"乡村振兴战略"计划。农业农村现代化关键在于提升农民的现代性。现代性是指社会现代化的基本原则和价值取向。现代性抽象出现代化过程的本质特征,体现出现代应有的时代意识与精神。就我国而言,以实现现代化为基本目标的社会主义运动,构成了现代性的主要特征。我国农民的现代性表现为以现代观念、心理、态度和行为方式为内涵的人格特征。农民教育的宗旨在于通过各种正规、非正规和正式、非正式教育,培养农民的现代性,提高农民的综合素质。目前我国农民现代性现状存在诸多问题:对待社会变革的态度还比较保守,科学、理性精神与个人效能感群体差异明显,政治、组织与社会治理参与程度较低,社会交往仍然以血缘、亲缘和地缘关系为主要特征等。因此,如何将农村人口资源转化为人力资本,这是推进农村农业现代化必须首先解决的问题。改变农民的"群体文化性格",必须培育农民的现代人格特征。现代公民社会,没有农民公民素养的提高,我国现代化的建设目标就无法实现。农民教育应该在农民人力资本和社会资本占有和改善方面发挥更大的作用。

Farmer education is of great concern to the Communist Party and the government in China. In order to speed up the modernization of agricultural areas, the government is focused on the implementation of the"rural rejuvenation strategy". The key to modernization of agricultural and rural areas lies in the promotion of modernization among farmers. In China, the socialist movement has taken modernization as its primary goal. The modernity of Chinese farmer is characterized by modern concepts, psychology, attitudes, and behaviors. The aim of farmer education is to cultivate farmers' modernity and improve the comprehensive quality of farmers through regular or irregular and formal or informal education. At present, there are many problems in the modernization of farmers in China: the attitude towards social change is still relatively conservative; the scientific and rational spirit,and the self-efficacy is obviously different in every group; the level of participation in politics, organizations, and in social governance is relatively low; social interaction is still based on kinship or geographical relations. Therefore,how to convert rural population resources into human capital is the main problem that must be solved in order to advance rural agricultural modernization. To change farmers' "group culture character", their modern personality must be cultivated. Without the improvement of farmers' civic literacy China's modernization goals cannot be achieved. Farmer education should play a great role in the ownership and improvement of farmers' human and social capital.