市场化对中国城乡收入差距的影响：基于省级面板数据的经验分析

Effects of Market-oriented Reform on Urban-Rural Income Gap in China:Empirical Analysis Based on China's Provincial Panel Data

首先对市场化改革以来中国的城乡收入差距的历史演变进行了回顾,然后利用中国31个省份13年的面板数据分析了市场化改革对城乡收入差距的影响。研究结果显示,市场化改革对中国城乡收入比率产生了显著的负向影响;在市场化改革的五个方面中,主要是非国有经济的发展产生了缩小城乡收入差距的积极作用,政府和市场的关系、产品市场和要素市场的发育、市场中介组织的发展及法治环境的改善对城乡收入差距的影响并不具有统计显著性;估计结果还显示,经济发展水平与城市化水平的提高、二元经济结构强度的降低均有利于缩小中国的城乡收入差距,贸易依存度的上升则倾向于扩大中国的城乡收入差距。建议中国应当继续推进市场化改革,特别是要鼓励非国有经济的发展,以抑制不断扩大的城乡收入差距。

This paper reviews firstly the history of market-oriented reform and the historical changes of the urban-rural income gap in China. Then,the provincial panel data of China＇s 31 provinces for 13 years are used to explore the effects of marketization on China＇s urban-rural income gap. The research results show that the marketization reform has significantly negative effect on the urban-rural income ratio; among the five aspects of marketization,the development of non-state-owned economy has a positive effect on the narrowing of urban-rural income gap,while the relation between government and market,the growth of product market and factor market,the development of market intermediaries and the improvement of legal environment have statistically insignificant effect on urban-rural income gap. The estimation results also show that the enhancement of economic development level and the urbanization rate and the weakening of dual-economy structure can help narrow the urban-rural income gap while the rising dependence on foreign trade tends to widen the urban-rural income gap in China. It suggests that China should continue to push the market-oriented reform ahead,especially the development of non-state-owned economy,to narrow the increasingly expanding urban-rural income gap.