排球运动扣球起跳和落地动作的动力学分析

Dynamic Analysis of Take-off and Landing of Volleyball Spike

研究目的:对下肢关节受力情况进行处理与分析,探究排球运动中导致膝关节损伤的机制。研究方法:以男子排球运动员为研究对象,使用VICON红外三维动作分析系统、AMTI测力台、Basler高速摄像机,采集运动员整个扣球过程中的数据,并选取运动员助跑扣球起跳、落地动作中得到的动力学参数进行分析。研究结果:整个扣球过程中,主要支撑作用由膝关节和踝关节完成。左侧膝关节主要负责蹬伸,右侧膝关节主要负责制动和辅助起跳。整个落地过程,缓冲主要由膝关节和髋关节完成。起跳过程中为了取得更高高度,运动员充分制动,使身体朝向和助跑方向存在一定夹角,在此过程中,下肢关节因为转动的发生极易损伤。结论:(1)不同方式起跳和落地时左膝关节受力在X轴较大,这是对左膝十字交叉韧带造成损伤的原因之一。(2)不同方式起跳和落地时膝关节力矩在X轴较大,这是对膝关节内侧副韧带造成损伤的原因之一。(3)膝关节力矩在Y轴较大,这是对膝关节十字交叉韧带造成损伤的原因之一。

In the men＇s volleyball athletes as the research object, using the VICON infrared three-dimensional motion analysis system, AMTI force measurement, Basler high-speed camera, the whole process of the acquisition of athletes spiking data, select the run-up take-off and landing kinetic parameters obtained in the processing and analysis of the force on the lower extremity joints, the mechanisms leading to injury of knee joint the study of volleyball. The take-off process, the main supporting role performed by the knee and ankle joints. The left knee joint is mainly responsible for stretching, the right knee is mainly responsible for braking and auxiliary take-off. The whole process is completed by the landing buffer, knee and hip joints. In order to achieve a higher height, the athletes fully braked, so that the body has an angle between the running direction and the approach direction, and then the body rotates toward the approach direction to complete the take-off. In this process, the lower limb joint is easily damaged because of the rotation. In different ways of take-off and landing, the force of the left knee joint is greater at the X axis, which is one of the reasons for the damage to the cruciate ligament of the left knee. Different ways of take-off and landing on the X axis of knee joint torque is large, and this is one reason for the injury of medial collateral ligament of knee joint; knee joint torque on the Y axis is large, and this is one reason for the damage of the cruciate ligament cross.