公共物品及其提供方式的类型学分析——基于非排他性与非竞争性的程度以及互动集团的规模

A Typological Analysis of Public Goods and their Provision——Based on the Degree of Non Exclusive,Non Competitive and the Size of the Interactive Group

公共物品分纯公共物品与准公共物品两种类型,提供公共物品是现代政府的一项重要职能。纯公共物品非竞争性与非排他性的特征决定了其只能由政府提供;准公共物品根据其类型可以采取不同的提供方式,如政府提供、企业提供或社区自愿供给等。但即便是由企业提供,政府也必须承担相应的补贴与规制责任。

Pure public goods have two characters which are noncompetitive and no excludability,so it can＇t be provided by enterprise.And the voluntary mechanism of community is restricted by many factors, so public goods can only be pro- vided by government,except some small organizations.Between the pure public goods and private goods,there are quasi- public goods,which can be divided into several kinds,according to the size of organization,and the degree of noncom- petitive and no excludability.Among those quasi-public goods,some kinds apply to government mechanism,some apply to enterprise,and others apply to voluntary mechanism.Because all the kinds of quasi-public goods have noncompetitive and no excludability to some degree ,government must bear the responsibility of subsidy and regulation in enterprise mecha- nism.