中国腐败问题形成机制的国内外研究述评

Literature Review of the Mechanism for the Formation of Corruption in China

中国腐败研究在社会科学研究领域的历史发展脉络表现出三种阐释路径,即结构路径、制度路径和文化路径。侧重宏观社会结构及其变迁影响的结构路径的相关研究认为,腐败行为是现代化转型进程中的伴生现象、结构紧张/社会失范后的越轨行为;侧重社会组织规范影响的制度路径的相关研究认为,腐败是委托-代理关系中的寻租行为、非正式制度/潜规则对人体行为的控制及社会控制削弱的结果;侧重社会关系的伦理内涵及其互动效应的文化路径的相关研究认为,关系、人情、脸面是中国腐败现象中独特的文化特质,是差序化社会秩序的体现。目前的研究在成果日渐丰富的同时还存有一些局限性,主要表现:理论阐释上倾向于"西方视角","中国意识"不足;忽视了中国公共管理问题的复杂性及其对腐败的影响;对腐败成因与机制问题辨识不清等。

Three kinds of means have been applied in the study of corruption in China within the sphere of social science researches,namely,the structural means,the systemic means and the cultural means.The structural means,focusing on social structure and its migration,takes it that corruption is an attendant phenomena during the transformation to modernization,a departure from the rules coming out of tense structure/loss of social criteria;the systemic means,stressing on the effects of social criteria,takes it that corruption is a rent of power in the relationship between consignment and agency,a result of the control of informal systems/hidden rules and the weakening of social control;the cultural means,which is stresses the ethical connotation of social relationships and their interaction,finds from their researches that the relationship,personal favorite,and self-esteem are unique cultural features in corruption of China,a demonstration of the hierarchical social order.Despite such abundant achievements,limitations are still found mainly in the western perspective in theoretical illustration,"the Chinese consciousness"insufficient,the negligence of the complexity in the public management in China and its influence on corruption and the vague recognition of the causes and mechanisms of corruption,etc.