声学超材料与结构工程应用前景展望

Prospects for application of acoustic metamaterials and structure engineering

从认识声学超材料开始作介绍。首先对左手材料(负折射率材料)的基本原理、基础知识和如何制备等方面来展开阐述,进而对声学超材料工程应用与前景作展望,并对声学超材料为声成像和对亚波段声音的控制可能的新应用作介绍。还适当介绍损耗补偿(loss-compensating)材料、宇称时间对称(parity-time-symmetric)材料的发展。受人工耳蜗独立滤波机理的启发,介绍用声学超材料设计仿生的复合扬声器听音系统来对分散的频率进行调制,结合声学超材料和感知压缩的功能,介绍了一种单传感复合扬声器听音系统,这是一种能够选择性提取声音和具有声音分离能力的系统。不同于以往的信号和语音处理系统可用来解决"鸡尾酒舞会"中的听音等问题。可以预料声学超材料在建筑声学、水声、声信号记录等诸多领域将会不断涌现新产品和用新概念、新特征支撑并具挑战性的应用。然而作为前景展望,更新的挑战依然存在,包括发展制作大尺度超材料的,以及把由实验室试验转变为实用的生产力的技术发展。

An introduction of acoustic metamaterials is started. The basic principles and knowledges,and preparation methods of left handed medium（ negative index materials） are demonstrated. Furthermore,prospects aremade for the application of acoustic metamaterials,and an introduction for possible novel applications of acoustic metamaterials on acoustic imaging and control of sub-ranged sounds. The developments of loss-compensating and parity-time-symmetric materials are also briefly introduced. Inspired by the independent filtering mechanisms of artificial cochlea,a biomimetic compound loudspeaker listening system is introducednext,which is designed by using acoustic metamaterials and used for modulating scattered frequencies. Then a single-sensor compound loudspeaker listening system which combines acoustic metamaterials and the function of compressed sensing is introduced. This system is capable of selective extraction of sounds,and is therefore featured with sound separation. Unlike previously used operating systems of signals and voices,this system is able to cope with situations such as listening in cocktail parties. Predictably,acoustic metamaterials will contribute to novel products that will emerge in multiple fields such as architectural acoustics,underwater acoustics,acoustic recording,etc.,along with challenging applications supported by new concepts and features. However,prospects are always face updated challenges,including the developments of technologies for producing large-scale metamaterials,and the transformation from lab experiments to practical productivity.