玉米田养鹅对土壤理化性状、杂草多样性及玉米生长的影响

Effects of raising geese in cornfield on soil physical and chemical properties,weed diversity and maize growth

为探究"玉米田养鹅"对农田生态系统杂草多样性、土壤理化性质及玉米生长状况的影响,以林芝市八一镇章麦村试验田为研究对象,运用对比方法,研究玉米田养鹅(Raising geese in cornfield,RGC)和对照(Control,CK)土壤理化性质、杂草多样性及玉米生长的异同,旨在通过田间状态的描述和中间状态的研究,为以后优化玉米田调控措施提供依据。结果表明:1)RGC处理有19种杂草,其中以菊科植物最多,对照组仅有9种。不同功能群杂草密度相差很大,双子叶一年生或越年生被子植物功能群杂草密度远远高于其他5种功能群;RGC处理提高了杂草群落Shannon-Wiener和Simpson多样性指数,但降低了Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数;2)RGC处理土壤含水率较对照高1.27%,与对照相比差异不显著(P>0.05);3)随着土层加深,RGC和对照土壤紧实度均呈逐渐增加趋势,且RGC对紧实度影响显著;4)对照土壤碱解氮含量为86.48mg/kg,略高于RGC处理2.67mg/kg(P>0.05),速效钾含量为161.07mg/kg,略高于RGC处理28.66mg/kg(P<0.05),而RGC的土壤中速效磷含量为120.98mg/kg,是对照(106.25mg/kg)的1.14倍(P>0.05)。结论:RGC处理增加了农田系统杂草数量、种类和生物量,提高了生物多样性,使土壤紧实度明显减小、土壤含水率增加及土壤养分含量出现差异,且玉米各项农艺性状低于对照。

In order to explore the effects of raising geese in cornfield on weed diversity,soil physical and chemical properties and maize growth status in farmland ecosystem.An experimental plot,which was located in Zhangmai Village,Bayi Town,Linzhi County,was taking as study object to investigate the similarities and differences between raising geese in cornfield（RGC）and control on the biodiversity of weeds in farmland ecosystem,physical and chemical properties of soil and growth of maize.The results showed that：1）RGC had 19 species of weeds,which were mainlycomposite,while CK had only 9 species.The total weed density of API was 15.42 times as much as that in CK,showing a significant difference（P〉0.05）.In RGC,the distribution of the dominant weed was considerably large.The number of dicotyledonous angiosperm and annual/biennial was much higher than other five functional groups.2）The soil moisture content of RGC was 1.27% higher than that of the control,which was not significantly different from that of the control（P〉0.05）;3）With the deepening of soil,the compactness of RGC and CK soil gradually increased,and RGC had a significant effect on soil compactness;4）The content of available nitrogen and K of CK were 86.48 and 161.07 mg/kg,2.67,28.66 mg/kg higher than RGC（P〉0.05）,but the content of available K in RGC was 120.98 mg/kg,1.14 times as much as CK which was 106.25 mg/kg（P〈0.05）,the content of available phosphorus in RGC was 120.98 mg/kg,which was 1.14 times of the control（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,the RGC treatment increased the number,species and biomass of weeds in farmland system,improved biodiversity,reduced soil compaction,increased soil water content and soil nutrient content,and however affected maize plant growth.