从“延续”到“流变”《兰州市都市建设计划》的历史回溯与价值启示

FROM CONTINUATION TO EVOLUTION: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND VALUE REVELATION OF LANZHOU CONSTRUCTION PLANS

以时任兰州市市政建设科科长任震英主持完成的1951年《兰州市都市建设计划草案概要》和1952年《兰州市新都市建设计划工作报告》为研究对象,将其置于中华人民共和国成立初期国家社会制度变迁与国民经济恢复的历史宏观背景之中,分析了兰州都市建设计划从"工业为副"到"工业为主"的规划思想流变过程,以及从"欧美模式显性延续"到"苏联模式隐性介入"的规划范型演进历史。认为中国近代都市计划被欧美模式等外来城市规划思想介入的过程是非连续性的,明显具有阶段性和局部性。兰州市1951年和1952年先后编制的都市建设计划的发展变化过程极具历史代表性,"以小见大"地印证了中华人民共和国成立初期我国城市规划范型从以欧美模式为主导的都市计划向以苏联模式为主导的城市规划演变的路径。

Based on archival research, this paper provides a holistic picture of the Outline of Lanzhou Urban Construction Draft Plan in 1951 and Work Report of New City Construction Plan of Lanzhou in 1952 by Mr. Ren Zhenying, who was the Section Chief of the Municipal Construction Department in Lanzhou. By putting it in the context of social system changes and national economic recovery at the beginning of the founding of China, it analyzed the evolution process of planning thoughts from ＂Industry as the Supplementation＂ to ＂Industry as the Priority＂ and the evolution process of the planning paradigm from the explicit continuation of ＂European and American models＂ to the implicit intervention of ＂Soviet models＂ of the construction plans of Lanzhou City. It is considered in this paper that the process of Chinese modern urban planning which was affected by the western and other urban planning thoughts is not continuous, and it was obviously characterized as intermittent and localized. The typical example of the changing process of the Lanzhou construction plans from 1951 to 1952 confirmed the evolution history of planning paradigms guided by ＂European and American models＂ to ＂Soviet models＂ in the early days of the new China.