“放管服”背景下我国高校专业设置与调整的行政规制逻辑——基于政策工具的分析视角

Logical Changes of Administrative Regulations of Specialty Setting and Readjustment of China's Institutions of Higher Education under the Reform of Streamline Administration, Delegate Powers,and Improve Regulation and Services: An Analytical Perspective of

当前,"放管服"新政开始被引入高等教育领域,而政策工具则构成透视新型行政规制逻辑的"重要窗口"。基于教育部与省级政府颁行的关于高校专业设置与调整的规范性文件的梳理可以发现,我国政府在高校专业设置与调整中使用的政策工具涵盖三种基本类型。首先是,强制型政策工具,主要以《专业目录》管理体制下有限使用的行政审批为代表。其次是混合型政策工具,包括:省级教育统筹、信息服务、政策指导、资源配置、专业评估、同行评议机制以及专业准入、预警与退出机制等。最后是自愿型政策工具,包括专业发展规划、专业建设质量信息公开、学术自我规制与问责等。藉由"强制型"、"自愿型"、"混合型"等类型政策工具的综合运用与动态嵌套,新型行政规制逻辑作为一种更为"隐性"的监管式治理体制的治理功能正在凸显。与此相应的是,传统的全能型政府统治模式逐渐开始被现代监管型政府治理模式所取代。受此影响,高等教育系统与外部经济社会系统之间呈现出"松散耦合"的状态。随着我国大学自治与自律机制的健全完善,"自愿型"政策工具与"混合型"政策工具将发挥更大作用,而"强制型"政策工具则会逐渐退出"历史舞台"。

The currentreform of streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and serviceshas been introduced to the field of higher education.Then policy instrument is a good perspective to the new administrative regulation logic. Based on the analysis of normative documentsissued by Ministry of Educationand provincial governmentsof R.P. China, there are three basic types of higher education policy instruments related to specialty setting and adjustment. First, the compulsory policy instrument, which is mainly represented by the limited administrative approval under the Specialty Catalog management system.Secondly, the mixed policy instruments, which include provincial-level overall education planning, information service, policy guidance, resource allocation, professional assessment, peer review and specialty access, early warning and exit mechanism.Finally, voluntary policy instruments, which include specialty development planning, specialty construction quality information disclosure, academic self- regulation and accountability. With the comprehensive application and dynamic nesting of compulsory, voluntary and mixed policy tools, the new administrative regulation logicis showing its significance as a more hidden regulatory governance system function. Forms the sharp contrast with this, the traditional model of all-round-style government has gradually begun to be replaced by the modern regulatory one. Then the higher education system and the external economic and social system become loosely-coupled.With the perfection of China＇s university autonomy and self-discipline mechanism, the voluntary and mixed policy instrument will play farmore important roles, while the compulsory policy instrument will gradually step down from the stage of history.