财政与国家治理:基于不确定性与风险社会的逻辑

Public Finance and State Governance: Based on the Logic of Uncertainty and Risk Society

本文以不确定性世界观为基础,从风险社会的逻辑视角出发,对财政与国家治理的关系进行分析。我们观察到,不确定性思维已经深入到各个领域,颠覆了确定性的世界观。与此同时,人类也迈入了风险社会。以治理思维通过注入确定性来应对不确定性,是风险社会的基本逻辑,也是风险社会人类生存和发展的根本出路。国家治理的本质是公共风险的治理,是通过注入确定性化解国家发展中的不确定性和公共风险,从而实现国家进步、人民和谐。提高公共理性水平是注入确定性的前提,而财政则是提高公共理性水平的基础,同时财政还发挥着公共风险"蓄水池"、国家治理变革的"发动机"、协调各方关系的总中枢等作用,因而成为国家治理的基础与重要支柱。基于此,我们必须善于用风险治理思维考虑财政问题,发挥财政在国家治理中的定海神针作用。

Based on the uncertain world outlook, this paper analyzes the relationship between public finance and state governance from the perspective of the logic of risk society. We have observed that the uncertainty of thinking has penetrated into various field, subverting the deterministic view of the world. Simultaneously, human beings have entered the risk society. To deal with the uncertainty by injecting certainty with management thinking is the basic logic of the risk society, and it is the fundamental way of human survival and development in the risk society as well. The essence of state governance is the governance of public risk, which means that uncertainty and public risk are resolved by injecting certainty in state development to realize state progress and social harmony. The premise of injecting certainty is to improve the level of public rationality, which is based on the public finance. In addition, public finance plays the role as the ＂reservoir＂ of public risk, the ＂engine＂ of state governance reform, and the overall center of coordination of various fields. That is why the public finance is regarded as the foundation and significant supporting factor of state governance. Therefore, we must be adept in applying risk management thinking to consider financial issues to strengthen the role of the public finance in state governance.