大学学术不端行为及其治理

On Academic Misconduct in Institutions of Higher Learning and Its Governance

学术不端行为作为一种学术投机行为,是学术活动中的权力变性与异化的产物,也是文化目标与社会制度间错位导致的一种紧张状态。在这种场域空间内,学术文化失去了固有的内在价值与气质,学术理性无法再为整个学术学术场域提供充足的学术责任伦理标准。根据马克斯·韦伯的行为合理化理论旨要,将学术不端行为以"学术研究—学术评价—学术管理"为标准进行划分,有利于明晰学术人的学术责任。回顾大学学术场域对学术不端行为的治理,存在技术手段治理无奈、现有制度执行真空以及道德约束孱弱之积弊,未能燃起学术人的学术责任伦理之心。基于此,根治大学学术场域这一久治不愈的顽疾需要转换思路,以角色—责任—问责为轴心,培育学术人形成内生于学术本质中的一种约定俗成的学术伦理契约精神。

As a kind of academic speculation,academic misconduct is a product of power degeneration and alienation in academic activities and also a tension caused by the dislocation of cultural goals and social systems.In this field and space,academic culture has lost its inherent intrinsic value and ethos,and academic rationality can no longer provide sufficient ethical standards of academic responsibility for the academic field as a whole.According to Max Weber＇s theory of behavioral rationalization theory,academic misconduct is classified according to the standard of ＂ academic research-academic evaluation-academic management＂,which is conducive to clarifying the academic responsibility of the academicians.Reviewing the governance of academic misconduct in the academic field,there are shortcomings in terms of invalidation of technical means,failure of system implementation and weakness of moral restraint,which fail to ignite the ethical responsibility of the academicians.Based on this,it is necessary to change the train of thought so as to eradicate the chronic illness in institutions of higher learning,taking role-liability-accountability as its axis,cultivating academic people to form a conventional academic ethics contractual spirit which is endogenous to the nature of academics.