农村城镇化:欧洲的经历与经验

Rural Urbanization: Its Course and Experiences in Europe

农村城镇化进程贯穿于11世纪至21世纪的欧洲,并可划分为四个阶段：中世纪中晚期是农村城镇化的准备阶段;近代早期原工业化促使农村城镇化启动;工业化时代农村城镇化达到高潮;后工业时期农村城镇化仍然多样态推进,乡村生活方式最终与城市无异。欧洲农村城镇化进程所体现的长期性和阶段性、自然发展与强力推进、城镇布局和发展的均衡、重视农业的同时培育乡村新经济等特点,对我国新型城镇化道路具有一定的启发作用。

The urbanization of European rural areas was from the eleventh century to the twenty-first century, and it could be divided into four stages. The high and late Middle Ages were a preparatory stage of rural urbanization. In the early modern period, the proto-industrialization prompted the urbanization process to start.In the period of industrialization, rural urbanization reached its climax. The post-industrial urbanization proceeded with multi-forms. After urbanization, the rural lifestyle showed no difference from the urban lifestyle. The process of rural urbanization in Europe had many characteristics. It lasted for a long time, and was vigorously promoted by the government, but at the same time allowed a natural development. The balance of the overall arrangement and development of towns, agriculture, and a new rural economy were stressed. All of these have provided useful insights to China who is on its way to urbanization.