裸足跑时人体下肢运动学和肌电特征的变化

Changes in Kinematics and Electromyogrphy of Lower Limb While Running Barefoot

通过红外光高速运动捕捉测试系统和表面肌电测试系统,分析12名后足着地方式的穿鞋跑步爱好者在最初进行裸足跑时下肢运动学和肌电的变化,探究裸足跑对人体运动特征的影响及其可能机制,以及穿鞋跑转变为裸足跑适应过程的相关问题,为跑步爱好者和运动员选择适合自身的跑步锻炼方式提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)从穿鞋跑转变为裸足跑后的30 min时间内,人体下肢步态发生了明显变化,髋关节处于较伸的状态,踝关节处于较跖屈的状态,而足着地方式仍为后足着地的跑步方式;(2)裸足跑时,胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头和股二头肌的肌电平均振幅均明显减小,人体已经开始形成神经——肌肉的适应性变化;(3)从穿鞋跑转变为裸足跑是一个循序渐进的过程,30 min的裸足跑练习对于原本习惯穿鞋跑的跑者适应并转变为裸足跑是不够的,跑者需要更长的时间来适应裸足跑。建议今后针对裸足跑时人体步态特征变化的研究应进行更长时间的跟踪测试。

Through infrared high-speed motion capture system and surface EMG test system,examining the changes in kinematics and EMG of lower limb when barefoot running was initially adopted by twelve habitually shod and recreational rearfoot striking runners,this study attempted to observe the effect and mechanism on human motion while barefoot running,and the problems associated with adaptation of transitioning to barefoot running from shod running,in order to provide theoretical foundation for choice own strike pattern of runners and athletes. Results：（1）there were significant changes in the gait of lower limb within 30 min after transitioning to barefoot running from shod running; the hip was in a state of extension,and the ankle was in a state of plantar flexion; but the strike pattern was remain with a RFS pattern;（2） The mean EMG activity was reduced for tibialis anterior,gastrocnemius lateralis and biceps femoris during barefoot running,indicating that the nerve-muscle fitness had occurred;（3） it should be done gradually to make the switch from shod to barefoot running,30 min barefoot running is not enough for runners who decide to make the switch from shod to barefoot running,runners should be take longer times to fit barefoot running. It is suggested that the research on the gait characteristics of human body in barefoot running should be carried out a longer time tracking test.