典型地区大气新型卤代阻燃剂污染特征、来源分析及人体暴露

Analysis of Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Human Exposure to Atmospheric New Halogenated Flame Retardants in Selected Areas

利用大流量主动采样器采集了广州市天河区(23°08'56″N,113°21'30″E)和五指山国家自然保护区(18°54'02″N,109°41'24″E)两个典型地区的大气气相和颗粒相样品,测定了8种新型卤代阻燃剂(new halogenated flame retardants,NHFRs)的浓度,包括syn-DP、anti-DP、TBPH、PBEB、HBB、TBE、TBB、DBDPE.结果表明,广州大气中ΣNHFRs平均浓度(335 pg·m^(-3))远高于五指山(90.6 pg·m^(-3)).广州大气中DBDPE为优势单体,占比为66.9%;五指山大气中NHFRs则以TBPH为主(65.8%).季节变化上,广州的ΣNHFRs浓度呈现一定季节变化,而五指山的ΣNHFRs无明显季节变化,这可能与两地NHFRs的来源不同有关.结合主成分分析、风向频率和后向轨迹模型分析,发现两地阻燃剂来源有较大的差异:广州大气中NHFRs可能主要来源于电子垃圾拆解、工业输入和消费品的再挥发,而五指山大气中阻燃剂可能以外源输入为主.健康风险评价结果显示,我国大型城市大气中高浓度NHFRs的持续暴露会对城市居民健康特别是婴儿健康造成潜在危害.

Atmospheric gaseous and particle samples were collected using high-volume active samplers in Guangzhou and Wuzhishan.Concentrations of all the eight selected new halogenated flame retardants（ NHFRs）,including syn-DP,anti-DP,TBPH,PBEB,HBB,TBE,TBB,and DBDPE,were measured. The mean Σ NHFR concentration was significantly higher in Guangzhou（ 335 pg·m^-3）than in Wuzhishan（ 90. 6 pg·m^-3）. DBDPE was the most abundant component in Guangzhou,accounting for 66. 9% of the Σ NHFR concentration,while TBPH was the major component（ 65. 8%） in Wuzhishan. This indicates different pollution characteristics in Guangzhou and Wuzhishan. In addition,Σ NHFR concentration presented distinct seasonal variations only in Guangzhou,which could result from the different sources of origin of NHFRs. Principle component analysis showed that the atmospheric NHFRs in Guangzhou and Wuzhishan could originate from different sources. In the light of the results of wind frequency and HYSPLIT model analysis,NHFRs seem to originate mainly from the emissions from surrounding areas,including from the inputs of e-waste recycling,industrial activities,and re-volatilization of consumer goods in Guangzhou,while NHFRs mainly seem to originate from the movement of air mass over the Pearl River Delta and the seas in Wuzhishan. Meanwhile,several NHFRs presented different loading patterns in Guangzhou and Wuzhishan,and the emissions from different sources and commercial products could be the impactors. With detection of high NHFR concentrations in the atmosphere of Guangzhou,the long-time exposure of the surrounding residents（ especially infants）is suspected to cause potential health risk.