回鹘文《针灸图》及其与敦煌针灸文献之关联

Correlation Between the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Figure in Uighur Script and Acupuncture and Moxibustion Literatures in Dunhuang

宋元时期是回鹘医药学发展的昌明时期,这一阶段回鹘医学在原有的基础上,不断地吸收周边先进的医药文化,尤其是对西域各地医学和中医的兼容,进而出现了颇具特色的针灸图。此图见于德藏吐鲁番本回鹘文写本残卷Mainz 725。残卷留存10个腧穴,其中7个可在敦煌所出汉文《灸经图》中找到对应部位。回鹘文残卷开头部分还出现了针灸中年月日"人神所忌"的内容,尽管所涉内容不多,且无详细解释,但借由敦煌针灸文献及宋代《太平圣惠方》和西夏文《明堂灸经》等,可知其来源应为中医针灸学。该文献与回鹘文《医理精华》同卷书写,从一个侧面反映了回鹘医学与印度医学间的密切关系。

The flourishing period of the development of Uighur medicine was in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.At this stage,the Uighur medicine,on the basis of its original foundations,constantly absorbs the advanced medical culture nearby,especially the compatibility of classical medicine in Western Regions and traditional Chinese medicine which leads to the distinguished acupuncture and moxibustion figure.This figure was seen in the Uigurische Fragments of Turpan edition stored in German—the Mainz 725.There remained 10 acupuncture points in the fragments and the corresponding parts of seven acupuncture points can be found in the Jiu Jing Tu（《灸经图》Illustration of Moxibustion Meridians）in Chinese unearthed in Dunhuang.At the beginning of Uighur fragments,there had something related with the taboos of people＇s spirit in terms of the year,the month and the day of acupuncture and moxibustion.Although there were neither enough contents nor detailed explanations,we could still make sure that its origin was traditional Chinese acupuncture medicine through the acupuncture and moxibustion literatures in Dunhuang,Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang（《太平圣惠方》The Great Peace Sagacious Benevolence Formulary）in the Song Dynasty as well as Ming Tang Jiu Jing（《明堂灸经》Ming Tang Moxibustion Canon）in Tangut script.This literature was written in the same volume as Siddhasāra（The Principles of Medical Science）in Uighur script,which reflects the close relationship between the Uighur medicine and the Ayurveda from the side.