刺激意图在孤独症谱系障碍儿童社会定向中的作用

The Role of the Intentions of Stimuli in the Social Orienting of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

孤独症儿童存在社会性注意和心理理解能力的损伤。社会性事件常常包含一定的行为意图,本研究旨在考察孤独症儿童对社会性刺激进行注意定向时是否受刺激所包含意图的影响。给21名孤独症儿童和23名普通儿童呈现两种社会性事件的图片刺激,其中一种包含明确意图,另一种不具有明确意图,采用眼动追踪技术,记录被试在自由观看图片时的首次注视潜伏期。结果表明:(1)与普通儿童相比,孤独症儿童在定向到人物和肢体动作时的首次注视潜伏期显著长于普通儿童,表明他们的社会定向功能存在一定损伤;(2)事件本身存在意图时,抑制了孤独症儿童对图片中人物及其肢体动作的注意定向,促进了对事件中物体的定向。

Autistic children suffer from impairments in social attention and psychological understanding,and social events often involve certain behavioral intentions. This study aims to explore whether autistic children＇s attentional orientation to social stimuli is affected by the intentions contained in social stimuli,by presenting 2 types of pictures about social events to 21 autistic children and 23 typically-developing children（ their first-gaze incubation period when they were watching the pictures was recorded by means of eye tracking）,with only one type of pictures containing specific intentions. The results show the following：（ 1） The autistic children showed a significantly longer first-gaze incubation period when they were oriented to the persons or body postures in the pictures than the typically-developing children,indicating that there were certain impairments in their social orientations; and（ 2） the intentions of the social events in the pictures inhibited the autistic children＇s attentional orientations to the persons or body postures,and improved their orientations to the objects in the social events.