中原之城与华夏文明的发展演进轨迹

The Ancient Cities in the Central Plains and the Development and Evolution of the Chinese Civilization

华夏文明历史悠久,最早形成于中原地区,并经历了漫长的发展历程。从考古发现来看,城址是文明的标志。迄今为止,河南境内发现的先秦城址已有200余座,为探索中原地区华夏文明的起源与发展提供了重要的考古学依据。华夏文明形成以后,经历了邦国—王国—帝国阶段。大体而言,邦国阶段相当于仰韶晚期与龙山时代,王国阶段相当于夏商周时代,春秋战国是文明的转型期,即从王国到帝国的过渡期。从秦王朝开始,华夏文明进入到帝国阶段。通过对河南境内先秦城址的剖析,可以窥见华夏文明在中原地区的发展演进轨迹:华夏早期文明为"重瓣花朵"式文明,仰韶晚期与龙山时代的城址,是华夏文明形成的重要标志;随着万国林立、"满天星斗"的仰韶龙山时代文化被一枝独秀的夏文化取代,在二里头遗址建立了"月明星稀"式的中央之邦;河南境内发现的商、周时代城址说明,华夏文明体系基本建立,并成为中国文化的主流;从"无处不城"的考古发现来看,春秋战国时代为中国城市发展的转型期,华夏文明从此开始由王国时期向帝国时期过渡。

The Chinese civilization witli a lasting history first formed in the central plains arcourse of development. According to the archaeological findings, city site is a sign of civilization. Until now, there are more than200 pre-Qin city sites found in Henan and they provide important archaeological proofs for ment of the Chinese civilization in the central plains area. After the formation, the kingdom-empire stages. Generally speaking, the state stage is equivalent to the late Yangshao period and the Longshan era. Thekingdom stage is similar to Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Spring and Autumn and Waring States period is the transition period of civilization, that is , the transition from kingdom to empire. Since the founding of Qin Dynasty, the Chinese civilization has entered the stage of empire. Through the analysis of pre-Qin city sites in Henan, the development and evolution track of theChinese civilization in the central plains area can be glimpsed.