农村人居环境系统优化路径研究——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

Research on Optimization Path of Rural Human Settlements System:An Empirical Analysis Based on Structural Equation Model

农村人居环境日趋恶化是一个不争的事实。优化农村人居环境,建设美丽宜居的乡村,是各级政府当前亟待改进的一项重要任务,也是广大农民的迫切需求。从农户的视角出发,建立起农村人居环境系统的理论分析框架,把农村人居环境划分为人居硬环境和人居软环境两部分,并通过对北京、河北两地区的实地调研,采用结构方程模型,探讨农村人居环境系统的优化路径。研究结果表明:农民对于农村人居环境质量的评价普遍较差,农村人居环境改善迫在眉睫;在农村人居环境系统优化的过程中,农村人居硬环境的优化应以农村环境卫生为重点,而对于农村人居软环境的优化应以农村社会服务为重点。未来在优化农村人居环境的过程中,应抓住重点,先主后次逐步有效地提高农村人居环境质量。

It is obvious that the situation of rural human settlements is deteriorating. Therefore,it is an imperative task for governments of all levels to improve the rural human settlements,and build an agreeable place for living meeting the pressing need of the vast rural residents. In this paper,the theoretical analysis framework of rural human settlements has been established from the perspective of farmers,and the rural living environment is divided into two parts： the hard environment of rural living and the soft environment of rural living. Then based on the field investigation in Beijing and Hebei province,this paper analyzes the condition of rural living environment via structural equation model. The results indicate that the farmers’ evaluation of rural residential environment quality is generally poor,and that the improvement of rural settlement environment is pressing. During the process of optimizing rural settlement environment system,the hard environment of rural living optimization should focus on the environmental conditions in rural areas,while the soft environment of rural living should focus on the social services. The future work of the rural residential environment optimization should have emphases,and the quality of rural human settlements should be improved in proper order.