论作为损害赔偿原则与责任承担方式的恢复原状——以侵权法为中心

On Restoration of Damage Compensation Principle and Liability Commitments Modes——From the Perspective of Tort Law

在中国的民法语境中,恢复原状具有双重属性:一为损害赔偿之基本原则;二为具体责任之承担方式。作为损害赔偿基本原则之恢复原状,它涵盖了几乎所有的具体责任承担方式,旨在维持权利人权利和利益的完满状态,并防止受害人因侵权而获利,故而此意义上的恢复原状衍生出了完全赔偿和损益相抵两项赔偿原则。作为具体责任承担方式的恢复原状,和其他具体的责任承担方式并列,是一种独立的责任承担方式,它具有独立的调整范围和独特的制度功能。

In the context of China civil law,the restoration has dual attributes： one is the basic principle of damage compensation and the other is the specific liability commitments mode. As the basic principle of damage compensation,the restoration includes almost every aspect of the specific liability commitments. It aims not only to maintain the rights and interests in perfect conditions for the right holders,but also to prevent victims from profiting from infringement. Therefore,the restoration,in this sense,brings forth the dual principles of both compensation and balance of profit and loss. Juxtaposed with other specific liability Commitments modes,the restoration,as the specific liability commitments,functions in an independent mode of taking responsibility and has an independent adjustment range and a unique system function.