不同提取方法对安化茯砖茶挥发油成分的影响

Effects of different extraction methods on chemical composition of volatile oils from Anhua Fuzhuan tea

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)、同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)、超声波溶剂萃取法(UAE)和固相微萃取法(SPME)提取安化茯砖茶的挥发油成分并通过GC-MS对4种方法的提取物成分进行了比较。结果表明,4种方法提取安化茯砖茶挥发性成分中主要是萜以及醛、酮、酸、酯类化合物。4种方法的提取物中分别鉴定出化合物86种(SD)、69种(SDE)、64种(UAE)和81种(SPME),其香气成分和相对含量比例有一定的差异。SD法提取油状挥发物与固相微萃取法提取挥发性成分的种类最多,在低沸点的组成上相类似。同时蒸馏萃取法和超声波溶剂萃取法提取挥发性成分中高沸点化合物含量较多。实验结果为选择合适的安化茯砖茶挥发油的提取分析方法及其制取方法提供参考。

The volatile oils from Anhua Fuzhuan tea has been extracted by steam distillation（SD）, simultaneous distillation extraction（SDE）, ultrasound-assisted extraction（UAE） and solid phase microextraction（SPME）. The chemical composition of oils had been analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The result indicated that the most volatile compounds extracted by four methods were terpenes and aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters. The chemical components which were extracted by four methods were identified 86（extracted by SD）, 69（extracted by SDE）, 64（extracted by UAE）, and 81（extracted by SPME） kinds of compounds respectively. Differences exist in the aroma composition and relative content ratio. The kinds of oily volatiles extracted by steam distillation（SD） and volatile components extracted by solid phase microextraction（SPME） were more than other extracting methods, meanwhile, the two extracting methods are similar in the forms of boiling point compounds. Volatile components from simultaneous distillation extraction（SDE） and ultrasound-assisted extraction（UAE） included more high-boiling point compounds. this experiment provided a guidance for selecting appropriate methods for extracting and analyzing the volatile oil of Anhua Fuzhuan tea.