大革命失败后中共革命话语的“苏维埃”转向

The “Soviet” Turn of the Revolutionary Discourse in the CPC after the Failure of the Great Revolution

大革命失败后,共产国际和中共党内都在探索如何继续中国革命,逐步确定了建立苏维埃政权的革命道路和方式。在这个过程中,首先经历了依赖"历史惯性"(国民党旗帜和左派人士因素)推动革命前进的踟蹰阶段,继而在旧的策略完全失效后开始正式转向建立苏维埃政权。新策略的确立同时也在中共话语中得到反映,表现为围绕"苏维埃"概念的话语转向。其中,对"苏维埃"与"农会"二者内涵解释的衔接是转变的关键,也是新概念融入既有话语体系的契机。考察其转变过程,可以获得对历史史实的多面相理解,并构成历史解释的丰富性。

After the failure of the Great Revolution,both the Communist International and the CPC tried to explore how to continue the Chinese revolution and gradually found the revolutionary road to establish the Soviet regime. In this process,the CPC experienced a stage that rely on ＂historical inertia＂(the Kuomintang flag and leftists factors）to push forward the revolution,and then turned to the strategy of establishing the Soviet regime after the old strategy completely failed. The establishment of the new strategy was also reflected in the CPC＇s discourse,which was manifested as a discourse turning around the concept of ＂Soviet＂. The connection between the two concepts of ＂Soviet＂and ＂peasants＇ union＂is the key to the turn,and it is also the key point for the new concept to be integrated into the existing discourse system. To retrospect the whole process of transformation,we can get a multifaceted understanding of historical facts and a reflection of the richness of historical interpretation.