日本大学AO入学的发展与挑战

The Development and Problems of AO Entrance Examination in Japan

日本社会人口结构的重大变化和对于传统培养目标、选拔方式的质疑,推动AO入学成为继传统的一般入学、推荐入学以外的"第三种"大学升学途径。遴选型和开放型是当前AO入学的主要类型,前者重视生源素质,后者关注数量保障,其各自定位、特征、功能趋于明朗。如何避免家庭贫富左右受教育机会、私立大学随意哄抢生源,确保学生基础学力和高中与大学教育的有效衔接,则是AO入学在今后发展中必须解决的现实问题。

The past decade has witnessed the social demographic change and the cri- tique of traditional training objectives and selective methods.Consequently, AO entrance ex- amination system has become ＂the third kind＂ of college entrance examination right after the traditional entrance examination system and recommended admission system.Selective mode and open mode are currently the two main types of AO enrolment, with the former stresses quality and the latter quantity.The positioning, features and functions of both types are becoming increasingly clear.AO entrance examination system has to unravel various problems in its future development; namely, inequality of educational opportunity （influ- enced by wealth or family background） and fierce competition for students among private universities.Moreover, it also has to strain every nerve to enhance students＇ learning ability and secure a smooth articulation between high schools and universities＇ education.