中国硫矿资源预测模型及资源潜力分析

Geological characteristics and resource potential of sulfur deposits in China

硫是化学工业最重要的基本原料之一,主要用于生产化肥。我国硫矿资源工业开发利用的主要为硫铁矿和伴生硫。2007—2013年,中国地质调查局实施了全国化工矿产资源潜力评价项目,完成了全国硫矿成矿规律及预测研究,编制了相关图件,建设了数据库,取得了阶段性的成果。文章在以往研究和省级硫矿资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了全国硫矿时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带和成矿类型,建立了典型矿床和预测工作区的预测模型,最后对全国硫矿资源潜力进行了分类评价汇总。结果表明,全国共有硫矿床、矿点、矿化点共1 437处,其中硫铁矿1 418处,自然硫矿19处。成矿时代跨度为太古宙晚期—新生代,以元古宙硫矿储量最大。全国共划分为46个Ⅲ级硫矿成矿区带和17个矿集区;划分了沉积变质型、沉积型(海相、煤系)、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型、自然硫型6种预测类型和17个矿床式;梳理了6种预测类型典型硫矿床的预测要素和预测模型。全国共划分沉积变质型硫铁矿预测工作区20个,沉积型硫铁矿58个,岩浆热液型68个,海相火山岩型12个,陆相火山岩型9个,自然硫矿5个。全国共圈定硫矿3级预测区274个,其中硫铁矿268个,自然硫矿6个。全国硫铁矿和自然硫资源总量分别为241.35亿t和5.67亿t,其中预测资源量分别为184.57亿t和2.32亿t。根据成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征、矿石选冶性能、资源量可靠程度,文中遴选出21个硫矿优先勘查区,预测自然硫资源量2 229.3万t(S),硫铁矿50.58亿t(矿石)。该区成矿地质条件好,找矿潜力大,有一定的工作基础,已知矿床深边部等近期可优先安排勘查工作的预测区,远景好时可作为整装勘查基地。

Sulphur is one of the most important basic raw materials in the chemical industry and a key component in fertilizer production.In China,pyrite is the main resource in sulfur exploration and utilization.During 2007-2013,the China Geological Survey implemented the National Mineral Resources Assessment Initiative,which achieved a milestone with the completion of the sulfur metallogenic pattern and prediction study and the construction of the sulfur resources database.Using provincial level sulfur resources data,we performed nationwide characterization of sulfur ore spatio-temporal distribution and classification of metallogenic zones and mineralization types,developed the prediction model of typical ore deposit and forecast area, and assembled the national sulfur ore resources potential evaluation according to classification.Overall,China has 1437 sulfur mineral localities including sulfur deposits,mineral occurrences and mineralization points,of which 1418 were pyrite and 19 were natural sulfur mineral deposits.The metallogenic epoch of sulfur deposits is the late Archean-Cenozoic era,in which the Proterozoic has the largest sulfur ore reserves.Overall,we identified 46 level-Ⅲ sulfur metallogenic zones and 17 ore concentration areas and classified 6 prediction types（sedimentary metamorphic,sedimentary（marine facies and coal pyrite）,magmatic hydrothermal,marine volcanic rock,continental volcanic rock and natural sulfur types）and 17 deposit types.The number of forecast areas for the six prediction types were found to be 20,58,68,12,9,and 5,respectively,using our prediction factors and model.Moreover,274 level-Ⅲ sulfur prediction areas were delineated cumulatively,which involved 268 pyrite and 6 natural sulfur deposits.In total,China has 24.135 billion and 567 million tons of pyrite ore and natural sulfur reserves,respectively,with 18.457 billion and 232 million tons,respectively,as predicted resources.According to the metallogenic and geological conditions,geological characteristics,ore quality,and reliability of reserve estimate,we selected 21 priority exploration targets that contain,by prediction,a total of 222.930 millionand 5.058 billion tons of natural sulfur and pyrite ore,respectively.The selected areas all have favorable metallogenic condition with large prospecting potential and basic operational support.Prospecting priority will be given in the near future to the forecast areas with known bed depth at the deposit edge,and the promising forecast areas can serve as the survey base.