结核分枝杆菌感染对巨噬细胞内胆固醇代谢影响的机制的研究进展

Advances in the study of the mechanism by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection affects cholesterol metabolism in macrophages

正常情况下,胆固醇在巨噬细胞内的代谢过程主要包括胆固醇的摄取、酯化、水解以及外排,在机体严谨精细的调控下正常进行,维持巨噬细胞内脂质的动态平衡。胆固醇代谢稳态是维持细胞正常形态和功能的重要环节之一,如果过程中出现异常,发生代谢紊乱,就会破坏和改变细胞的结构。结核分枝杆菌感染宿主巨噬细胞之后,与宿主巨噬细胞的相互作用会影响着结核分枝杆菌的最终状态,其中胆固醇代谢在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。本文以胆固醇为线索,将结核分枝杆菌感染巨噬细胞后对胆固醇代谢影响的机制作一综述。

Generally speaking,the metabolism of cholesterol in macrophages includes ingestion,esterification/hydrolysis,and efflux of cholesterol.Under strict regulation,the body can maintain the dynamic balance of intracellular lipids.Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis play an important role in maintaining normal cell morphology and function.Without those processes,the structure of macrophages would be destroyed.When Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the body,it can infect host macrophages.Interaction between M.tuberculosis and the host macrophages will affect the final state of M.tuberculosis,and cholesterol metabolism plays an important role in that interaction.Using cholesterol as a clue,this paper will review how M.tuberculosis affects cholesterol metabolism in infected macrophages.