急慢性心肌缺血动物模型造模方法研究简况

Study on the Modeling Method of Acute And Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Model

急慢性心肌缺血动物模型的有效建立是中医药科研实验及临床研究的重要基础。建立急性心肌缺血模型方法有三种,(1)开胸手术:可构建最接近临床的急性心肌缺血模型,操作较为复杂,受实验动物状态、结扎部位、结扎程度等影响较大。(2)闭胸手术:主要针对小型猪、犬等小型动物造模,实验成本高,缺点同样是受不可控制因素影响较大。(3)药物干预:操作简单,心肌缺血状态持续时间较短,一般用于观测时间较短的急性心肌缺血研究。慢性心肌缺血模型复制有三种,(1)冠脉外慢性收缩:微创手术植入缩窄环,根据所选动物及缩窄环脂肪位置,缺血面积与死亡率不同。(2)冠脉内慢性狭窄:微创手术植入堵塞物或机械损伤使血管壁增厚,血流量减少,成模率较低。(3)高脂饲料:操作简单,多联合其他方法复制慢性心肌缺血,小型猪急性心肌缺血模型稳定性和重复性较好,适用于AS和冠心病防治、新药研究等。急慢性心肌缺血动物模型建立方法各有不同,各有优缺点,应根据实验目的、设备条件和经费等选择:需以小型猪为急性心肌缺血研究对象,宜选闭胸手术法造模;研究慢性心肌缺血,实验动物常选小型猪和犬等小型动物,高脂饲料联合其他药物造模为首选。中医药防治急慢性心肌缺血备受关注,实验研究动物模型选择无明显规律,观测中药复方干预对模型相关指标影响为主。未来期待探索更接近中医特色的急慢性心肌缺血动物模型,尤其是运用辨证施治思维,创建具有不同中医证型特点的动物模型。

The effective establishment of the animal model of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia is an important basis for the research and clinical research of TCM. There are three methods for establishing acute myocardial ischemia model.（1）Open thoracic surgery： the most closely related acute myocardial ischemia model can be constructed. The operation is more complex, and it is affected by the state of the experimental animal, the ligation position and the degree of ligation.（2）Closed thoracic surgery： mainly aimed at small animal models such as small pigs and dogs, the experimental cost is high, and the disadvantages are also affected by the uncontrollable factors.（3）Drug intervention： simple operation, short duration of myocardial ischemia, generally used for acute myocardial ischemia.There are three types of chronic myocardial ischemic model duplication, and there is a chronic contraction of the coronary arteries：（1） minimally invasive surgery is inserted into the narrow ring, and the ischemia area is different from the death rate according to the selected animals and the location of the narrow ring fat.（2）Chronic stenosis in the coronary arteries： minimally invasive surgical implantation of blockage or mechanical damage thickens the blood vessel wall, reduces blood flow, and has a low modulus.（3）high fat feed： the operation is simple, and many other methods to copy the chronic myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial ischemia model of miniature pigs has good stability and repeatability, apply to the AS and coronary heart disease prevention and control, new drug research, etc.Acute or chronic myocardial ischemia animal model establishment method is different,each have advantages and disadvantages, should be based on the experiment purpose, equipment conditions and funding options： to acute myocardial ischemia with miniature pigs as the research object, appropriate chooses closed chest surgery method building; In the study of chronic myocardial ischemia, experimental animals often selected small animals such as small pigs and dogs, and high-fat diet combined with other drug making models was preferred.