高性能生物基聚氯乙烯增塑剂的制备与应用

Preparation and Application of High Performance Bio-Based Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticizer

以来源广泛的废弃油脂地沟油为主要原料,通过酯交换、环氧化和开环等常用的化学反应制备出性能优良的聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑剂。气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析表明,相转移催化剂([(C_8H_(17))_3NCH_3]_3[PO_4[W(O)(O_2)_2]_4]^(3-))可以在无羧酸条件下有效地催化脂肪酸结构中双键发生环氧化反应;利用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱对各种产物进行表征,结果表明目标产物AC-FAME-BA被成功制备。不同增塑剂增塑PVC制品的力学性能和动态力学热分析结果表明,添加AC-FAME-BA可以有效降低PVC制品的模量和玻璃化温度,增加断裂伸长率,50 phr的添加量可以使PVC材料的玻璃化转变温度降低到22.8℃;对比分析各制品的力学性能、动态力学热分析和耐挥发性能,结果表明ACFAME-BA的增塑性与相容性要优于环氧大豆油(ESO),与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)相当。对比ESO和DOP,AC-FAMEBA(35 phr)增塑的PVC在极性溶剂(乙醇)中抽出量相对较多,在弱极性溶剂(石油醚)中抽出量相对较少。这些应用分析结果表明AC-FAME-BA是一种性能优良的PVC增塑剂,在某些领域可以完全替代DOP。

A bio-based plasticizer with excellent properties for polyvinyl chloride（ PVC） was prepared using illegal cooking oil as main raw material by simple chemical reactions,such as ester exchange,epoxidation and ring opening etc. The GC-MS analysis results show that the phase transfer catalyst （[（C8H（17））3NCH3]3[PO4[W（O）（O2）2]4]（3-）） could effectively catalye epoxidation of double bonds in fatty acid chains; the structures of intermediates and the desired product（ AC-FAME-BA） were confirmed by FT-IR and1 H-NMR. The physical chemical properties of PVC blends plasticized with different plasticizers were tested through dynamic mechanical analysis（ DMA） mechanical property and volatilization test. The results prove that the plasticizing property and compatibility of AC-FAME-BA for PVC are better than epoxidized soybean oil（ ESO）,and arecomparable to phthalate plasticizers（ DOP）. Compared with ESO and DOP,the extraction quantity of PVC blends wtih 35 phr AC-FAME-BA plasticizedis more in strong polar solvents（ such as ethanol）,weak polar solvent（ petroleum ether） is on the other way about. These applications show that AC-FAMEBA is a good plasticizer for PVC and could completely replace DOP in some fields.