肠造口患者自我感受负担与自我效能及生活质量相关性研究

The relationship between self-perceived burden and self-efficacy and quality of life among hospitalized stoma patients after operation

目的调查肠造口术后自我感受负担情况,并分析与自我效能及生活质量相关性以及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法选取2016年1月—2017年6月在宁波市鄞州人民医院外科接受造口术的151例患者,用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷、健康促进策略量表、造口生活质量问卷,对肠造口术后患者进行研究。共发放问卷160份,有效问卷151份,有效率为94.38%。对数据进行统计学分析,用均数、标准差、频数和频率等描述造口患者一般资料,用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,用Pearson相关分析法对SPB、自我效能和生活质量进行统计分析。将有统计学意义的变量作为自变量引入回归模型,进行多重线性回归分析。结果肠造口患者术后自我感受负担得分(39.64±8.83)分,处于中等水平,50.3%的患者为高水平。SPB与自我效能和生活质量均为负相关关系,相关系数r分别为-0.441、-0.459(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度、粪便泄漏散发臭味频率、自我效能为自我感受负担的影响因素。结论肠造口患者术后自我感受负担较为严重,护理人员应鼓励患者采取积极地面对困难与挑战,主动学习造口护理技能,更多地与他人进行交流。同时更加关注文化程度较低的患者,最终提高患者生活质量。

Objective To describe the level and influence factors of self-perceived burden among hospitalized stoma pa- tients after operation and analyze the correlation of self-efficacy and quality of life and it＇ s influencing factors. Methods This is a descriptive correlational study. From January., 2016 to June, 2017, 151 stoma hospitalized patients were invited to complete demographic questionnaire, self-perceived burden （SPB） scale, and strategies used by people to promote health and stoma quality of life scale. General data of stoma patients were described by mean standard deviation and frequency. Univariate analysis was done by t-test and ANOVA. The relationship of SPB, self-efficacy and quality of life was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. Statistically significant variables were introduced into the regression model as independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis. Results All of the patients got the average score （39.64 ± 8.83 ） on SPB scale, among moderate level, with 50.3% patients among high level. The self-efficacy and quality of life have a negative relationship with SPB, and the correlation coefficient was - 0. 441 and - 0. 459 respective- ly. The influencing factors of SPB of stoma hospitalized patients include educational level, stool leak and stink rate and self-efficacy. Conclusion Stoma patients have serious level of self-perceived burden. Nurses should encourage patients to face difficulties and challenges, learn stoma care skills and communicate with others actively. Besides, stoma patients who have lower educational level should be taken into consideration.